Question

A model of stem cell differentiation is shown in the image. Examine the image. Describe the role of nucleic acids in the differentiation model shown here. Select ALL descriptions that apply.
Responses
A Only certain genes are activated in stem cells to become differentiated.Only certain genes are activated in stem cells to become differentiated.
B Deleting the genes that are not utilized in a cell conserves energy for the stem cells.Deleting the genes that are not utilized in a cell conserves energy for the stem cells.
C The activation of specific portions of the genome creates a cell with a specialized function.The activation of specific portions of the genome creates a cell with a specialized function.
D Additional DNA is inserted into a cell to create a specialized cell, such as the neuron shown here.Additional DNA is inserted into a cell to create a specialized cell, such as the neuron shown here.
E Creating a differentiated cell requires that the majority of the genome within the stem cell to become activated.

Answer 1

Correct answers: A and C.

Explanation:
- Differentiation is driven by selective activation (and repression) of parts of the genome — specific genes are turned on to produce the proteins and pathways needed for a particular cell type (A, C).
- Cells do not delete unused genes or insert extra DNA during normal differentiation (B and D are false).
- Only particular gene sets are activated for a given cell type; the majority of the genome is not globally activated (E is false).