Question

The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles.

Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes. . . .

The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. . . . Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes, directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat.

–The Communist Manifesto,
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, 1848

According to Marx and Engels, what are the effects of industrialization? Check all that apply.

the growth of hostility between classes
increased oppression
the division of society into many hostile camps
an increase in cooperation between classes
the creation of a modern bourgeois society

Answer 1

- the growth of hostility between classes — Yes
- increased oppression — Yes
- the division of society into many hostile camps — No (Marx and Engels describe two great hostile camps)
- an increase in cooperation between classes — No
- the creation of a modern bourgeois society — Yes