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How did Kemal Atatürk convince
European powers to begin peace negotiations following the Turkish fight for independence?

by cooperating with them as they claimed Ottoman land
• by ousting the Ottoman sultan from
power
O by threatening to attack Istanbul where they were based
by organizing Turkish independence efforts

All Answers 1

Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
by organizing Turkish independence efforts

Atatürk built and led the nationalist movement and military resistance (through the Grand National Assembly and victories in the War of Independence), forcing the European powers to negotiate — culminating in the Treaty of Lausanne.