Question

The graphic shows the island of Krakatoa, which disintegrated in 1889, due to the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. In the century since the eruption, the island has re-formed from lava flows. The table above shows the number of species of various plant types that were found on the island over a 30 year period, since the island re-surfaced above the ocean in the 1950's.

Which groups of plants were probably most active in secondary succession and re-establishing the native habitat?
Responses
A mossmoss
B grassesgrasses
C small treessmall trees
D shrubs and small treesshrubs and small trees
E large trees

Answer 1

D. shrubs and small trees

Explanation: after initial pioneers (mosses, grasses) colonize bare ground, woody shrubs and small trees are the mid‑successional species that build soil, shade, and structure and thus drive re‑establishment of the native plant community before large trees appear.