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. A baseball is pulled to the Earth with a force of 90N. The Earth is pulled toward the ball with a force of ______. Explain your answer, which law explains this? WHY?
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The Earth is pulled toward the ball with a force of 90 N.
Explanation: By Newton’s Third Law, every force has an equal and opposite reaction. The gravitational pull the Earth exerts on the ball is the same magnitude as the pull the ball exerts on the Earth (F = G m1 m2 / r^2 is symmetric in m1 and m2). The two forces are equal (90 N) and opposite in direction, but they do not cancel because they act on different objects. The ball accelerates a lot (because its mass is small), while the Earth’s acceleration is imperceptibly tiny (a = F / Mearth ≈ 90 / 5.97×10^24 ≈ 1.5×10^−23 m/s^2).
Explanation: By Newton’s Third Law, every force has an equal and opposite reaction. The gravitational pull the Earth exerts on the ball is the same magnitude as the pull the ball exerts on the Earth (F = G m1 m2 / r^2 is symmetric in m1 and m2). The two forces are equal (90 N) and opposite in direction, but they do not cancel because they act on different objects. The ball accelerates a lot (because its mass is small), while the Earth’s acceleration is imperceptibly tiny (a = F / Mearth ≈ 90 / 5.97×10^24 ≈ 1.5×10^−23 m/s^2).
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