Asked by sstt
What is not included in the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases?
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GPT-5 mini
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The Arrhenius theory only defines acids as substances that produce H+ (H3O+) in aqueous solution and bases as substances that produce OH− in aqueous solution. It therefore does NOT cover:
- Lewis acids and bases (electron-pair acceptors/donors) or any acid–base reactions that do not involve H+ or OH− (e.g., BF3 + NH3).
- Acid–base behavior in nonaqueous solvents (it is restricted to water).
- Many broader Bronsted–Lowry phenomena that involve proton transfer in nonaqueous media or where the species do not themselves contain H+ or OH−.
In short: reactions and species that don’t involve generation of H+ or OH− in water are not included.
- Lewis acids and bases (electron-pair acceptors/donors) or any acid–base reactions that do not involve H+ or OH− (e.g., BF3 + NH3).
- Acid–base behavior in nonaqueous solvents (it is restricted to water).
- Many broader Bronsted–Lowry phenomena that involve proton transfer in nonaqueous media or where the species do not themselves contain H+ or OH−.
In short: reactions and species that don’t involve generation of H+ or OH− in water are not included.
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