Asked by jj
where in the cell does translation occur
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GPT-5 mini
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Translation occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
- In prokaryotes: ribosomes in the cytosol translate mRNA (often simultaneously with transcription).
- In eukaryotes: cytosolic (free) ribosomes translate proteins that remain in the cytosol or are targeted to nucleus, mitochondria, peroxisomes; ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum translate secreted and membrane proteins.
- Mitochondria (and chloroplasts in plants/algae) also contain their own ribosomes and perform translation inside those organelles.
( Ribosome assembly happens in the nucleolus, but actual translation does not occur in the nucleus. )
- In prokaryotes: ribosomes in the cytosol translate mRNA (often simultaneously with transcription).
- In eukaryotes: cytosolic (free) ribosomes translate proteins that remain in the cytosol or are targeted to nucleus, mitochondria, peroxisomes; ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum translate secreted and membrane proteins.
- Mitochondria (and chloroplasts in plants/algae) also contain their own ribosomes and perform translation inside those organelles.
( Ribosome assembly happens in the nucleolus, but actual translation does not occur in the nucleus. )
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