Question

1. Describe the similarities and differences
between carbohydrates and the other
three classes of biomolecules.
2. What roles do photosynthesis and
cellular respiration play in the formation
of carbon-based compounds?

(In short sentences, like 1-2 sentences)

Answer 1

1. Similarities and differences between carbohydrates and the other three classes of biomolecules:
- All four are carbon-based macromolecules used by cells for structure, energy, and function, but they differ in monomers and roles: carbohydrates are polymers of simple sugars for quick energy and structural support, proteins are polymers of amino acids that act as enzymes and structural/transport molecules, lipids are mostly non‑polymeric fatty acids/glycerol used for long‑term energy and membranes, and nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides that store and transmit genetic information.

2. Roles of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in forming carbon‑based compounds:
- Photosynthesis fixes CO2 into organic molecules (sugars) using light energy, forming the carbon backbone for living matter; cellular respiration breaks down those organic compounds to release usable energy and CO2 and provides intermediates for biosynthesis of other carbon‑based molecules.