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The Distribution of Natural Resources
Humans need water, air, soil, minerals, plants, and animals to survive. These are spread out on Earth. The water cycle and rock cycle change where resources go.

Distribution of Water
Everyone needs water. Some places have lots of water and other places have no water. There is enough water for everyone. It is just not spread out evenly.


The blue areas on this map have the best access to water.
The water cycle provides freshwater. It comes mostly from rain. Brazil, Canada, China, and the United States have lots of freshwater. Dry regions have very little freshwater.

The rock cycle also affects water on Earth. Mountains, valleys, rivers, streams, and lakes were created by these cycles.

Distribution of Oil and Coal
Oil is a vital resource. Humans use it to power machines. Coal is a fuel that is used to create electricity.


A map showing the distribution of oil reserves in the world.
Oil is spread out unevenly across the world. Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iran, and Iraq have lots of oil.

Coal is also spread out unevenly. The United States, Russia, China, and Australia have lots of coal. Other countries have to import oil and coal.


A picture of a coal mine.
Oil and coal formed over millions of years. Plants and animals living in the ocean soaked up energy from the sun. These organisms died and sank to the bottom of the ocean.

The rock cycle covered them with sediment. They were buried deep in the earth. Heat and pressure turned them into fuel.

Distribution of Soil
Soil is the top layer of the earth. Humans need soil for plant growth, water storage, and air quality.


A table showing the countries with the best soil in the world.
Soil quality is also spread out unevenly. All soil started life as rock material. This came from the rock cycle and water cycle. Sun, water, wind, and living creatures turn this material into soil.

Looking to the Future
The rock and water cycles have placed resources around the world. They are spread out unevenly. People have to work together to share these resources.

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Questions
Which of the following statements about coal is true? Pick two.

Coal is a fuel that is used to generate electricity.

Coal is used to power many machines such as cars and airplanes.

Coal was created by microscopic plants and animals.

Coal was created by larger plants that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean.
Which of the following components are part of soil? Pick three.

Water

Air

Oil

Minerals
What countries have the best access to the earth’s renewable freshwater supply? Select two.

Brazil

Canada

Iran

Venezuela
What is the first step in the creation of oil and coal?

Heat and pressure were applied to dead organisms over time.

The rock cycle buried dead organisms with layers of sediment.

Plants and animals living in the ocean absorbed energy from the sun.

Plants and animals living in the ocean died and sank to the bottom of the ocean.
Which of the followings lists contain the items that transform rock deposits into soil?

Minerals, water, air, and organisms

Sun, water, wind, and living creatures

Plant growth, water storage and air regulation

Russia, China and Australia
What does the word “evenly” mean in the sentence below?

“It is just not spread out evenly.”

The resources are not distributed an even number of times.

The resources are distributed an odd number of times.

Some areas have a lot of resources while others have very few resources.

The resources were distributed by humans in a strange way.
Please answer all questions

Answer 1

Which statements about coal are true? (pick two)
- Coal is a fuel that is used to generate electricity.
- Coal was created by larger plants that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean.

Which components are part of soil? (pick three)
- Water
- Air
- Minerals

Which countries have the best access to renewable freshwater? (select two)
- Brazil
- Canada

What is the first step in the creation of oil and coal?
- Plants and animals living in the ocean absorbed energy from the sun.

Which list contains the items that transform rock deposits into soil?
- Sun, water, wind, and living creatures

What does “evenly” mean in “It is just not spread out evenly.”?
- Some areas have a lot of resources while others have very few resources.