Question

Element Group Number (PT) # of Valance Electrons Lewis Dot Structure
Calcium
Carbon
Hydrogen
Helium
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Aluminum

Answer 1

Here is the completed table. I list the periodic group (1–18), the number of valence electrons, and a short Lewis-dot depiction (• = single electron dot, : = a pair of electrons).

Element — Group (PT) — Valence e− — Lewis dot structure
- Calcium — Group 2 — 2 valence e− — Ca with two dots (one on each side): ·Ca·
- Carbon — Group 14 — 4 valence e− — C with one dot on each side (4 single dots):
·
·C·
·
- Hydrogen — Group 1 — 1 valence e− — H· (one dot)
- Helium — Group 18 — 2 valence e− — He with a pair: :He: (or He with two dots paired)
- Oxygen — Group 16 — 6 valence e− — O with two lone pairs and two single electrons (total 6): :O· · (commonly drawn as two pairs and two singles around O)
- Fluorine — Group 17 — 7 valence e− — F with three lone pairs and one single electron: :F:·
- Neon — Group 18 — 8 valence e− — Ne with four pairs (full octet): :Ne:
- Sodium — Group 1 — 1 valence e− — Na· (one dot)
- Aluminum — Group 13 — 3 valence e− — Al with three single dots (one on three sides): ·Al· (with a third dot above or below)

If you’d like, I can redraw the Lewis structures in a consistent ASCII block format for every element (so all look visually aligned), or provide images.