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A measure of the deformation in a member by a load is defined as

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Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
Strain. It is defined as the change in length divided by the original length:

ε = ΔL / L

(For axial deformation ε is dimensionless; positive for extension, negative for compression. Shear strain is the angular distortion in radians. Engineering (nominal) strain uses ΔL/L; true strain uses the integral form ln(L/L0).)