Question

A period of time where the Catholic Church focused on internal reforms to try and stop the Protestant Reformation

Answer 1

That period is called the Counter-Reformation (also known as the Catholic Reformation). It began in the mid-16th century—formally marked by the Council of Trent (1545–1563)—and involved internal reforms (clerical discipline, seminaries, liturgy), new religious orders like the Jesuits, and institutions such as the Roman Inquisition and the Index of Forbidden Books to counter Protestantism and renew the Catholic Church.