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There are many compounds composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Compare the formulas for nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide.
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- Formulas:
- Nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide) = NO
- Nitrogen dioxide = NO2
- Composition / oxidation state:
- NO: one N and one O; formal oxidation state of N ≈ +2 (O is −2).
- NO2: one N and two O; formal oxidation state of N ≈ +4 (two O each −2).
- Electronic structure and bonding:
- NO: 11 valence electrons → one unpaired electron (a radical). Bond order ≈ 2.5; diatomic and linear.
- NO2: 17 valence electrons → also has one unpaired electron (a radical). Resonance gives two equivalent N–O bonds with average bond order ≈ 1.5; molecular shape is bent (electron geometry trigonal planar) with an O–N–O angle ≈ 134°.
- Physical properties and behavior:
- NO: colorless gas, poorly reactive as an oxidizer compared with NO2; important biological signaling molecule.
- NO2: reddish-brown, toxic, strongly oxidizing, major air pollutant; readily dimerizes to N2O4 at low temperatures.
- Molar masses (approx.): NO ≈ 30.0 g·mol−1; NO2 ≈ 46.0 g·mol−1.
In short: NO has one oxygen and is a diatomic radical with N in a +2 state; NO2 has two oxygens, is bent, also radical, with N in a +4 state and different chemical/physical behavior.
- Nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide) = NO
- Nitrogen dioxide = NO2
- Composition / oxidation state:
- NO: one N and one O; formal oxidation state of N ≈ +2 (O is −2).
- NO2: one N and two O; formal oxidation state of N ≈ +4 (two O each −2).
- Electronic structure and bonding:
- NO: 11 valence electrons → one unpaired electron (a radical). Bond order ≈ 2.5; diatomic and linear.
- NO2: 17 valence electrons → also has one unpaired electron (a radical). Resonance gives two equivalent N–O bonds with average bond order ≈ 1.5; molecular shape is bent (electron geometry trigonal planar) with an O–N–O angle ≈ 134°.
- Physical properties and behavior:
- NO: colorless gas, poorly reactive as an oxidizer compared with NO2; important biological signaling molecule.
- NO2: reddish-brown, toxic, strongly oxidizing, major air pollutant; readily dimerizes to N2O4 at low temperatures.
- Molar masses (approx.): NO ≈ 30.0 g·mol−1; NO2 ≈ 46.0 g·mol−1.
In short: NO has one oxygen and is a diatomic radical with N in a +2 state; NO2 has two oxygens, is bent, also radical, with N in a +4 state and different chemical/physical behavior.
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