Question

what are some exceptions to disclosure standards ? short answer

Answer 1

Common exceptions to disclosure standards (short):

- Attorney‑client and other legal privileges — protects confidential communications with lawyers.
- Medical/healthcare confidentiality (HIPAA) — patient health information is protected.
- Personal privacy — social-security numbers, personal identifiers, sensitive personal data.
- Trade secrets and commercial/confidential business information — proprietary formulas, plans, bids.
- National security/classified information — intelligence, defense secrets.
- Law‑enforcement and ongoing investigations — to avoid compromising investigations.
- Governmental deliberative process/administrative privilege — internal policy discussions.
- Intellectual property/copyright restrictions — protected works or licensed content.
- Safety/public order exceptions — to prevent imminent harm or protect public safety.

If you meant a specific field (accounting, FOIA, GDPR, securities, medical), tell me and I’ll tailor the list.