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✅ ANCIENT AMERICAS VIDEO WORKSHEET
(Fill in using ONLY the assigned videos or your course lessons)
Write short phrases, bullet points, or quick notes — they don’t have to be complete sentences.
1. AZTEC CIVILIZATION
Video: Rise and Fall of the Aztec Civilization
Geography (Where they lived / environment)
Government / Social Structure
Religion / Beliefs
Culture / Daily Life / Language
Agriculture (How they farmed / crops)
Technology / Inventions
Important Events (Rise & Fall)
2. INCA CIVILIZATION
Video: The Rise and Fall of the Inca Empire – Gordon McEwan
Geography
Government / Rulers / Empire organization
Religion / Beliefs
Culture / Daily Life / Language
Agriculture
Technology / Inventions
Important Events (Rise & Fall)
3. MAYA CIVILIZATION
Video: Ancient Maya 101 | National Geographic
Geography
Government / Political Structure
Religion / Beliefs
Culture / Writing / Calendar
Agriculture
Technology / Inventions
Important Events / Achievements
4. Influence From Earlier Civilizations
(From videos or course lessons)
How earlier civilizations influenced the Aztecs
How earlier civilizations influenced the Maya
How earlier civilizations influenced the Inca
5. My Life in One Civilization
Choose Aztec, Maya, or Inca.
If I lived in the ______ civilization…
Where I would live (geography)
My daily life / role in society
Religion / ceremonies I would experience
Food I would grow/eat
Technology / tools I would use
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Here’s a filled-in worksheet with short phrases and bullet notes based on the assigned videos and course lessons.
1. AZTEC CIVILIZATION
Video: Rise and Fall of the Aztec Civilization
- Geography (Where they lived / environment)
- Valley of Mexico, highland basin
- Lakes (Texcoco), marshes, island city (Tenochtitlan)
- Government / Social Structure
- Triple Alliance (Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan)
- Emperor (tlatoani) at top (e.g., Moctezuma II)
- Nobility (pipiltin), priests, military elite, commoners (macehualtin), slaves
- Tribute system from conquered city-states
- Religion / Beliefs
- Polytheistic; gods like Huitzilopochtli (sun/war), Tlaloc (rain)
- Central role of human sacrifice to sustain cosmos/sun
- Ritual calendars, priests very powerful
- Culture / Daily Life / Language
- Nahuatl language
- Urban life in Tenochtitlan: markets, artisans, warriors
- Strong warrior culture, ritual festivals, ballgame
- Agriculture (How they farmed / crops)
- Chinampas ("floating gardens") in lake areas — very productive
- Maize, beans, squash, chilies, amaranth, cacao (elite), turkeys
- Technology / Inventions
- Chinampa agriculture, causeways and canals, aqueducts
- Advanced urban planning, markets, craft specialization (featherwork, metallurgy)
- Important Events (Rise & Fall)
- Rise: Foundation and rise of Tenochtitlan; Triple Alliance expands through conquest/tribute
- Fall: Spanish arrival (Hernán Cortés 1519), alliances with subject peoples, capture of Moctezuma II, smallpox epidemic, 1521 fall of Tenochtitlan
2. INCA CIVILIZATION
Video: The Rise and Fall of the Inca Empire – Gordon McEwan
- Geography
- Andes Mountains (modern Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, parts of Chile/Argentina)
- High-altitude valleys, coastal deserts, diverse ecological zones
- Government / Rulers / Empire organization
- Tawantinsuyu (four suyus) centered on Cuzco
- Sapa Inca (divine emperor) — central, absolute authority
- Ayllu (kin-based community units) as basic social/land unit
- State-controlled economy, tribute/labor tax (mita)
- Religion / Beliefs
- Polytheistic; Inti (sun god) chief deity
- State religion tied to Sapa Inca’s divine status
- Ancestor worship, huacas (sacred places), ritual offerings
- Culture / Daily Life / Language
- Quechua language (administrative lingua franca)
- Ayllu life: communal labor, textile weaving, pottery
- Strong emphasis on reciprocity, mita obligations, craft specialization
- Agriculture
- Terrace farming on mountain slopes
- Vertical economy exploiting multiple ecological zones
- Crops: potatoes, quinoa, maize (in lower valleys), llamas/alpacas for meat/wool
- Irrigation, storage granaries
- Technology / Inventions
- Extensive road network and suspension bridges
- Stone masonry (precise, without mortar), storehouses (qullqas)
- Quipu (knotted-string record-keeping system)
- Terracing, drainage, and irrigation engineering
- Important Events (Rise & Fall)
- Rise: Expansion under rulers like Pachacuti, centralized administration, assimilation of conquered peoples
- Fall: Civil war between Atahualpa and Huáscar (after Huayna Capac’s death), Spanish invasion (Francisco Pizarro), capture/execution of Atahualpa, smallpox, breakdown of centralized control
3. MAYA CIVILIZATION
Video: Ancient Maya 101 | National Geographic
- Geography
- Yucatán Peninsula, southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, western Honduras
- Lowland tropical forests and highland plateaus
- Government / Political Structure
- Independent city-states (Tikal, Palenque, Copán, Calakmul)
- Kings (ajaw/k’uhul ajaw) and hereditary dynasties
- City-state rivalry, alliances, warfare
- Religion / Beliefs
- Polytheistic; many gods tied to maize, rain, sun, maize god
- Rulers as intermediaries; bloodletting and ritual sacrifice
- Emphasis on cosmology, cyclical time
- Culture / Writing / Calendar
- Complex hieroglyphic writing system (stelae record kings/dates)
- Advanced calendrical system: Long Count, Tzolk’in, Haab
- Astronomy and precise timekeeping; concept of zero in math
- Agriculture
- Milpa (slash-and-burn/rotational) in lowlands, raised fields in wetlands, terraces in highlands
- Maize central, also beans, squash, cacao (ritual/elite), manioc
- Technology / Inventions
- Stone architecture: pyramids, palaces, ballcourts
- Hieroglyphic writing and codices (many lost)
- Sophisticated astronomy, mathematics (zero)
- Important Events / Achievements
- Classic Period achievements: monumental architecture, stelae inscriptions, urban civilization
- Achievements: writing system, Long Count calendar, astronomical observations, city-state art
- Collapse/decline in southern lowlands around 8th–9th centuries — factors: drought, warfare, overpopulation, ecological stress
4. Influence From Earlier Civilizations
(From videos or course lessons)
- How earlier civilizations influenced the Aztecs
- Toltec legacy: Aztecs admired Toltec culture as a model of prestige; adopted artistic motifs, warrior ideals
- Teotihuacan: earlier metropolis influenced urban planning, religious iconography and political ideas in central Mexico
- Use of previous trade networks, tribute and statecraft practices from earlier Mesoamerican polities
- How earlier civilizations influenced the Maya
- Olmec “mother culture” influences: maize domestication, early iconography, monumental architecture concepts, early calendrical ideas
- Interaction with Teotihuacan in Classic period: political influence, trade, artistic styles
- Regional exchange with Zapotecs and others shaped political and artistic development
- How earlier civilizations influenced the Inca
- Andean predecessors (Chavín, Nazca, Moche, Tiwanaku, Wari): models for state religion, irrigation/terracing, textile techniques, road concepts, monumental architecture
- Tiwanaku/Wari influence on administrative/urban organization and engineering approaches later adopted and expanded by the Inca
5. My Life in One Civilization
(Choose Aztec, Maya, or Inca.)
I choose: Inca
If I lived in the Inca civilization…
- Where I would live (geography)
- Andean highland valley near Cuzco or in a terraced mountainside community
- My daily life / role in society
- Member of an ayllu; communal farming and labor obligations (mita)
- Tasks: terrace maintenance, planting/harvesting, weaving textiles, helping build/repair roads
- Participation in collective festivals and labor exchanges
- Religion / ceremonies I would experience
- Festivals honoring Inti (sun) and local huacas
- State-sponsored ceremonies at the temple in Cuzco if summoned
- Ritual offerings, possibly animal sacrifice, ancestor veneration
- Food I would grow/eat
- Potatoes, quinoa, maize (if in lower valley), beans
- Llama/alpaca meat and dairy; wild tubers; ch’arki (dried meat)
- Use of freeze-drying (chuño) for potato storage
- Technology / tools I would use
- Stone terraces and irrigation channels for farming
- Simple metal tools (bronze/copper), woven textiles and backstrap loom
- Use of quipu for local record-keeping (if in administrative role)
- Travel on road network; rope bridges for regional transport
— End of worksheet —
If you want this in a different civilization for the “My Life” section, or want the notes expanded/shortened for an essay, tell me which and I’ll adjust.
1. AZTEC CIVILIZATION
Video: Rise and Fall of the Aztec Civilization
- Geography (Where they lived / environment)
- Valley of Mexico, highland basin
- Lakes (Texcoco), marshes, island city (Tenochtitlan)
- Government / Social Structure
- Triple Alliance (Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan)
- Emperor (tlatoani) at top (e.g., Moctezuma II)
- Nobility (pipiltin), priests, military elite, commoners (macehualtin), slaves
- Tribute system from conquered city-states
- Religion / Beliefs
- Polytheistic; gods like Huitzilopochtli (sun/war), Tlaloc (rain)
- Central role of human sacrifice to sustain cosmos/sun
- Ritual calendars, priests very powerful
- Culture / Daily Life / Language
- Nahuatl language
- Urban life in Tenochtitlan: markets, artisans, warriors
- Strong warrior culture, ritual festivals, ballgame
- Agriculture (How they farmed / crops)
- Chinampas ("floating gardens") in lake areas — very productive
- Maize, beans, squash, chilies, amaranth, cacao (elite), turkeys
- Technology / Inventions
- Chinampa agriculture, causeways and canals, aqueducts
- Advanced urban planning, markets, craft specialization (featherwork, metallurgy)
- Important Events (Rise & Fall)
- Rise: Foundation and rise of Tenochtitlan; Triple Alliance expands through conquest/tribute
- Fall: Spanish arrival (Hernán Cortés 1519), alliances with subject peoples, capture of Moctezuma II, smallpox epidemic, 1521 fall of Tenochtitlan
2. INCA CIVILIZATION
Video: The Rise and Fall of the Inca Empire – Gordon McEwan
- Geography
- Andes Mountains (modern Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, parts of Chile/Argentina)
- High-altitude valleys, coastal deserts, diverse ecological zones
- Government / Rulers / Empire organization
- Tawantinsuyu (four suyus) centered on Cuzco
- Sapa Inca (divine emperor) — central, absolute authority
- Ayllu (kin-based community units) as basic social/land unit
- State-controlled economy, tribute/labor tax (mita)
- Religion / Beliefs
- Polytheistic; Inti (sun god) chief deity
- State religion tied to Sapa Inca’s divine status
- Ancestor worship, huacas (sacred places), ritual offerings
- Culture / Daily Life / Language
- Quechua language (administrative lingua franca)
- Ayllu life: communal labor, textile weaving, pottery
- Strong emphasis on reciprocity, mita obligations, craft specialization
- Agriculture
- Terrace farming on mountain slopes
- Vertical economy exploiting multiple ecological zones
- Crops: potatoes, quinoa, maize (in lower valleys), llamas/alpacas for meat/wool
- Irrigation, storage granaries
- Technology / Inventions
- Extensive road network and suspension bridges
- Stone masonry (precise, without mortar), storehouses (qullqas)
- Quipu (knotted-string record-keeping system)
- Terracing, drainage, and irrigation engineering
- Important Events (Rise & Fall)
- Rise: Expansion under rulers like Pachacuti, centralized administration, assimilation of conquered peoples
- Fall: Civil war between Atahualpa and Huáscar (after Huayna Capac’s death), Spanish invasion (Francisco Pizarro), capture/execution of Atahualpa, smallpox, breakdown of centralized control
3. MAYA CIVILIZATION
Video: Ancient Maya 101 | National Geographic
- Geography
- Yucatán Peninsula, southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, western Honduras
- Lowland tropical forests and highland plateaus
- Government / Political Structure
- Independent city-states (Tikal, Palenque, Copán, Calakmul)
- Kings (ajaw/k’uhul ajaw) and hereditary dynasties
- City-state rivalry, alliances, warfare
- Religion / Beliefs
- Polytheistic; many gods tied to maize, rain, sun, maize god
- Rulers as intermediaries; bloodletting and ritual sacrifice
- Emphasis on cosmology, cyclical time
- Culture / Writing / Calendar
- Complex hieroglyphic writing system (stelae record kings/dates)
- Advanced calendrical system: Long Count, Tzolk’in, Haab
- Astronomy and precise timekeeping; concept of zero in math
- Agriculture
- Milpa (slash-and-burn/rotational) in lowlands, raised fields in wetlands, terraces in highlands
- Maize central, also beans, squash, cacao (ritual/elite), manioc
- Technology / Inventions
- Stone architecture: pyramids, palaces, ballcourts
- Hieroglyphic writing and codices (many lost)
- Sophisticated astronomy, mathematics (zero)
- Important Events / Achievements
- Classic Period achievements: monumental architecture, stelae inscriptions, urban civilization
- Achievements: writing system, Long Count calendar, astronomical observations, city-state art
- Collapse/decline in southern lowlands around 8th–9th centuries — factors: drought, warfare, overpopulation, ecological stress
4. Influence From Earlier Civilizations
(From videos or course lessons)
- How earlier civilizations influenced the Aztecs
- Toltec legacy: Aztecs admired Toltec culture as a model of prestige; adopted artistic motifs, warrior ideals
- Teotihuacan: earlier metropolis influenced urban planning, religious iconography and political ideas in central Mexico
- Use of previous trade networks, tribute and statecraft practices from earlier Mesoamerican polities
- How earlier civilizations influenced the Maya
- Olmec “mother culture” influences: maize domestication, early iconography, monumental architecture concepts, early calendrical ideas
- Interaction with Teotihuacan in Classic period: political influence, trade, artistic styles
- Regional exchange with Zapotecs and others shaped political and artistic development
- How earlier civilizations influenced the Inca
- Andean predecessors (Chavín, Nazca, Moche, Tiwanaku, Wari): models for state religion, irrigation/terracing, textile techniques, road concepts, monumental architecture
- Tiwanaku/Wari influence on administrative/urban organization and engineering approaches later adopted and expanded by the Inca
5. My Life in One Civilization
(Choose Aztec, Maya, or Inca.)
I choose: Inca
If I lived in the Inca civilization…
- Where I would live (geography)
- Andean highland valley near Cuzco or in a terraced mountainside community
- My daily life / role in society
- Member of an ayllu; communal farming and labor obligations (mita)
- Tasks: terrace maintenance, planting/harvesting, weaving textiles, helping build/repair roads
- Participation in collective festivals and labor exchanges
- Religion / ceremonies I would experience
- Festivals honoring Inti (sun) and local huacas
- State-sponsored ceremonies at the temple in Cuzco if summoned
- Ritual offerings, possibly animal sacrifice, ancestor veneration
- Food I would grow/eat
- Potatoes, quinoa, maize (if in lower valley), beans
- Llama/alpaca meat and dairy; wild tubers; ch’arki (dried meat)
- Use of freeze-drying (chuño) for potato storage
- Technology / tools I would use
- Stone terraces and irrigation channels for farming
- Simple metal tools (bronze/copper), woven textiles and backstrap loom
- Use of quipu for local record-keeping (if in administrative role)
- Travel on road network; rope bridges for regional transport
— End of worksheet —
If you want this in a different civilization for the “My Life” section, or want the notes expanded/shortened for an essay, tell me which and I’ll adjust.
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