Question

Guided Notes: Genes and Chromosomes
Big Idea: The main idea of this lesson is to understand the relationship between ______________ and ______________, and how they contribute to ______________.


Key Concepts:
Genes are small sections of a ______________.


Chromosomes are found in the cell's ______________.


Sister chromatids are joined at a point called a ______________.


Most genes code for specific ______________.


Proteins determine ______________ in living things.




Real World Examples:
Think of a ______________ as a book in a library. Every ______________ is like a chapter in that book. Each chapter contains information that contributes to the whole story (trait) of the book.

Imagine a ______________ ______________ as a school locker Inside the locker, there are many folders (chromosomes). Each folder contains several pages (genes) that have important information (genetic information) about different subjects (traits).
Guided Notes: Define Genotypes and Phenotypes
Big Idea: The main idea of this lesson is to describe ______________ and ______________.


Key Concepts:
Living things have traits, or ______________.


Chromosomes are microscopic structures in the ______________ of cells.


The different forms of a gene are called ______________.


The combination of alleles an organism has is its ______________.


The observable traits of organisms are called ______________.


Some alleles, called ______________ alleles, determine the trait whenever they are present.


Other alleles, called ______________ alleles, only determine the trait if no dominant alleles are present.



Real World Examples:
If you think of a ______________ as a recipe book, the ______________ are the different recipes for making cookies. The ______________ is like the list of ingredients you have, and the ______________ is the actual cookie (observable trait) you make.


In a house, the ______________ is like the blueprint of the house, while the ______________ are the different designs. The ______________ is the specific design you choose, and the ______________ is the house you build.
Guided Notes: Relate Genotypes and Phenotypes
Big Idea: The main idea of this lesson is to explain the relationship between ______________ and ______________.


Key Concepts:
Traits, such as the height of pea plants, are determined by ______________.


Genes have different forms, called ______________.


A ______________ is the set of alleles a living thing has for a trait.


The term ______________ or purebred describe having two of the same alleles for a trait.


The term ______________ or hybrid describe having two different alleles for a trait.


Some alleles are ______________. They are expressed whenever they are present.


Some alleles are ______________. They are expressed only when a dominant allele is not present.


An organism’s ______________ leads to its ______________, or observable trait.






Real World Examples:
In a garden, there are two types of pea plants: tall and short. The tall trait is ______________, and the short trait is ______________. A pea plant with the genotype Tt is ______________ for height and will have a ______________ phenotype.


In a litter of puppies, some have black fur, and some have brown fur. The black fur trait is ______________, and the brown fur trait is ______________. A puppy with the genotype bb is ______________ for fur color and will have a ______________ phenotype.

Answer 1

Guided Notes: Genes and Chromosomes
Big Idea: The main idea of this lesson is to understand the relationship between genes and chromosomes, and how they contribute to traits (inherited characteristics).

Key Concepts:
- Genes are small sections of a DNA molecule.
- Chromosomes are found in the cell's nucleus.
- Sister chromatids are joined at a point called a centromere.
- Most genes code for specific proteins.
- Proteins determine traits in living things.

Real World Examples:
- Think of a chromosome as a book in a library. Every gene is like a chapter in that book. Each chapter contains information that contributes to the whole story (trait) of the book.
- Imagine a cell nucleus as a school locker. Inside the locker, there are many folders (chromosomes). Each folder contains several pages (genes) that have important information (genetic information) about different subjects (traits).

Guided Notes: Define Genotypes and Phenotypes
Big Idea: The main idea of this lesson is to describe genotypes and phenotypes.

Key Concepts:
- Living things have traits, or characteristics.
- Chromosomes are microscopic structures in the nucleus of cells.
- The different forms of a gene are called alleles.
- The combination of alleles an organism has is its genotype.
- The observable traits of organisms are called phenotype (phenotypes).
- Some alleles, called dominant alleles, determine the trait whenever they are present.
- Other alleles, called recessive alleles, only determine the trait if no dominant alleles are present.

Real World Examples:
- If you think of a genome as a recipe book, the genes are the different recipes for making cookies. The genotype is like the list of ingredients you have, and the phenotype is the actual cookie (observable trait) you make.
- In a house, the genome is like the blueprint of the house, while the alleles are the different designs. The genotype is the specific design you choose, and the phenotype is the house you build.

Guided Notes: Relate Genotypes and Phenotypes
Big Idea: The main idea of this lesson is to explain the relationship between genotype and phenotype.

Key Concepts:
- Traits, such as the height of pea plants, are determined by genes.
- Genes have different forms, called alleles.
- A genotype is the set of alleles a living thing has for a trait.
- The term homozygous or purebred describe having two of the same alleles for a trait.
- The term heterozygous or hybrid describe having two different alleles for a trait.
- Some alleles are dominant. They are expressed whenever they are present.
- Some alleles are recessive. They are expressed only when a dominant allele is not present.
- An organism’s genotype leads to its phenotype, or observable trait.

Real World Examples:
- In a garden, there are two types of pea plants: tall and short. The tall trait is dominant, and the short trait is recessive. A pea plant with the genotype Tt is heterozygous for height and will have a tall phenotype.
- In a litter of puppies, some have black fur, and some have brown fur. The black fur trait is dominant, and the brown fur trait is recessive. A puppy with the genotype bb is homozygous recessive for fur color and will have a brown phenotype.