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Evaluate the sequence of events to determine which best represents how forced migration occurred in relation to the Industrial Revolution.
Industrial Revolution need to maintain industrialization
enslaved people brought to work in factories mass migration of European factory workers decline in industrialization
Industrial Revolution need to maintain industrialization
emancipation of enslaved people
need for cheap labor mass migration of indentured servants
emancipation of enslaved people
Industrial Revolution mass migration of emancipated enslaved people to factorillage 1 of 1
factory workers return to their
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The second sequence is the best fit:
Industrial Revolution → emancipation of enslaved people → need for cheap labor → mass migration of indentured servants
Why: the Industrial Revolution increased demand for raw materials (especially cotton) and for cheap colonial labor. After legal emancipation in many British colonies (e.g., 1833) planters faced labor shortages and turned to imported contract labor — chiefly indentured workers from India and China — a form of coerced/controlled migration that replaced slave labor on many plantations. Examples include Indian indentured migrants to the Caribbean, Mauritius, Fiji and South Africa from the mid‑19th century onward.
Why the other sequences are incorrect:
- Enslaved people were largely forced to plantations producing raw materials, not to industrial factories in Europe. The transatlantic slave trade preceded and helped fuel early industrial growth, but enslaved labor was primarily plantation-based.
- Large European migrations of factory workers were mostly voluntary economic migration, not forced migration.
- Emancipated formerly enslaved people generally did not mass‑migrate into industrial factories as a single forced movement.
Note: forced migration related to the Industrial Revolution is therefore best represented by the shift from slavery to systems of indentured and otherwise coerced colonial labor after emancipation.
Industrial Revolution → emancipation of enslaved people → need for cheap labor → mass migration of indentured servants
Why: the Industrial Revolution increased demand for raw materials (especially cotton) and for cheap colonial labor. After legal emancipation in many British colonies (e.g., 1833) planters faced labor shortages and turned to imported contract labor — chiefly indentured workers from India and China — a form of coerced/controlled migration that replaced slave labor on many plantations. Examples include Indian indentured migrants to the Caribbean, Mauritius, Fiji and South Africa from the mid‑19th century onward.
Why the other sequences are incorrect:
- Enslaved people were largely forced to plantations producing raw materials, not to industrial factories in Europe. The transatlantic slave trade preceded and helped fuel early industrial growth, but enslaved labor was primarily plantation-based.
- Large European migrations of factory workers were mostly voluntary economic migration, not forced migration.
- Emancipated formerly enslaved people generally did not mass‑migrate into industrial factories as a single forced movement.
Note: forced migration related to the Industrial Revolution is therefore best represented by the shift from slavery to systems of indentured and otherwise coerced colonial labor after emancipation.
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