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Electric current flows through paths called circuits. People often build circuits using wires, resistors, and batteries. A battery is a voltage source.
A circuit with which components has the highest current with the given voltages?
wires, a 9V battery, no resistors
wires, a 9V battery, a light bulb
wires, a 1.5V battery, no resistors
wires, a 1.5V battery, a light bulb
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"Wires + 9 V battery, no resistors" produces the highest current.
Reason: I = V / R. Removing the light bulb removes most of the external resistance, so the only limit is the battery's internal resistance (for real batteries) or zero resistance (in the ideal model, giving infinite current). Between the two shorted cases, the 9 V source produces more current than the 1.5 V source (I = V / R_internal), so the 9 V short gives the largest current overall.
Safety note: shorting batteries can cause overheating, leakage, or fire—do not connect a battery directly across wires in real life.
Reason: I = V / R. Removing the light bulb removes most of the external resistance, so the only limit is the battery's internal resistance (for real batteries) or zero resistance (in the ideal model, giving infinite current). Between the two shorted cases, the 9 V source produces more current than the 1.5 V source (I = V / R_internal), so the 9 V short gives the largest current overall.
Safety note: shorting batteries can cause overheating, leakage, or fire—do not connect a battery directly across wires in real life.
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