Asked by bob

Less than 0.1% of the energy in a food chain generally makes it from the sun to quaternary consumers.


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Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
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Reason: Only about 1% of solar energy is captured by producers and roughly 10% is passed to each higher trophic level. So by the time you reach quaternary consumers (1% × 10%^4) the amount is on the order of 0.0001% of the original—far less than 0.1%.