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what is The scientific study of heredity

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The scientific study of heredity is called genetics.

In short: genetics examines how traits are transmitted from parents to offspring through genes (segments of DNA) located on chromosomes. Key ideas include genes and alleles, genotype versus phenotype, Mendelian inheritance (dominant/recessive), mutations, and more complex patterns (polygenic, sex-linked, mitochondrial). Modern genetics includes molecular genetics, genomics, and epigenetics, with applications in medicine, agriculture, evolutionary biology, and forensics.