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Weathering and Erosion CFA S6E5 d and e — 10 Questions
Armstrong, Kennedee

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Glaciers and Human Impacts
Read the passage and answer the following question(s).

Glaciers and Human Impacts
Glaciers are slow-moving masses of snow and ice that erode Earth’s surface as they move. Their enormous mass also presses into Earth’s surface, carving out land features.

Glaciers are important sources of water for bodies of water, including rivers, lakes, and oceans. As glaciers melt, they release water that flows down mountain slopes and into bodies of water. Water that comes from glaciers helps control the volume and flow rate of water in rivers, the salinity (salt content) of water in oceans, and the temperature of water in rivers, lakes, and streams.

Data show that many of Earth’s glaciers are losing mass (decreasing in size). Scientists claim that increasing average temperatures in arctic regions are causing this loss of glacial ice.

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Question 10.



In Norway, long U-shaped glacial valleys extend from the mountains to the coast. Near the coast the glacial valleys are called fjords and are flooded with sea water.

The illustration shows a cross-section of land that has water flowing from a mountainous terrain along a U-shaped valley with steep sides.

Which statement best describes the process that formed these features?


Glaciers formed the U-shaped valleys when the sea level was much higher.


Ocean waves eroded long channels into the coast when the sea level was higher, and then glaciers moved down the channels to form a U-shaped valley.


Glaciers formed the U-shaped valleys, and seawater flooded the valleys when the sea level rose.


Glaciers formed the U-shaped valleys, and the ocean melted the glaciers when the sea level was lower.

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Answer 1

Glaciers formed the U-shaped valleys, and seawater flooded the valleys when the sea level rose.

Explanation: Glaciers carved the steep, U-shaped valleys. After the glaciers retreated and sea level rose (or land sank), seawater flooded those valleys, creating fjords.