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short nelson mandela facts

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Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
- Born Rolihlahla Mandela on July 18, 1918, in Mvezo, South Africa; commonly known by his clan name, Madiba.
- Lawyer and anti-apartheid activist; joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944.
- Co-founded Umkhonto we Sizwe ("Spear of the Nation") in 1961, the ANC’s armed wing.
- Arrested in 1962; convicted in the Rivonia Trial and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964.
- Spent 27 years in prison (18 years on Robben Island); released on February 11, 1990.
- Led negotiations to end apartheid and transition to majority rule.
- Elected South Africa’s first Black president in 1994; served one term (1994–1999).
- Shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with F.W. de Klerk for their roles in ending apartheid.
- Championed national reconciliation and helped establish the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
- Married multiple times, including Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and later Graça Machel.
- A global symbol of resistance to oppression and of forgiveness; widely respected for humility and moral leadership.
- Died December 5, 2013, at age 95.

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