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are responsible for the structures and functions of organisms
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Proteins.
Proteins carry out most of the structures and functions in organisms — they form structural components (e.g., collagen), catalyze reactions (enzymes), transport molecules (hemoglobin), enable movement (myosin), mediate signaling and immune responses (receptors, antibodies), etc. DNA (genes) specifies the amino acid sequences of these proteins, so genes indirectly determine structure and function by encoding proteins.
Proteins carry out most of the structures and functions in organisms — they form structural components (e.g., collagen), catalyze reactions (enzymes), transport molecules (hemoglobin), enable movement (myosin), mediate signaling and immune responses (receptors, antibodies), etc. DNA (genes) specifies the amino acid sequences of these proteins, so genes indirectly determine structure and function by encoding proteins.
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