Question

When an issue creates disagreement among the states, how does federalism solve the problem?

Each state is allowed to make its own decision about the issue.
Federal and state powers are equal, so the issue has to be debated.
Since federal powers are superior, the Constitution is applied.
The national government creates unique rules for each of the states.

Answer 1

Each state is allowed to make its own decision about the issue.

Federalism divides power between national and state governments, letting states adopt different policies (acting as "laboratories of democracy") unless the Constitution or federal law preempts them.