Question

In New York v. Quarles (1983), the Supreme Court ruled that Miranda rights do not have to be read if a suspect

already has a criminal record.
puts public safety at immediate risk.
looks as if he or she has just committed a crime.
is someone the arresting officer already knows.

Answer 1

puts public safety at immediate risk.

Explanation: In New York v. Quarles (1984 term, 1983 decision often cited), the Court created a "public safety" exception to Miranda, allowing unwarned questioning when there's an immediate threat to public safety (e.g., locating a hidden gun).