Question

Select the statement(s) that accurately describe geological processes that aid in the formation of sedimentary rock.

Weathering breaks down large rocks into smaller rocks.

Volcanic eruptions cause sedimentary rocks to form.

Deposition adds sediments to landforms or land masses in layers.

Compaction and cementation are ways in which sedimentary rocks become solids.

Erosion moves sediment from one location to another.

Answer 1

Accurate statements: 1, 3, 4, 5.

- Weathering breaks down large rocks into smaller rocks — true (physical and chemical weathering produce the sediments).
- Deposition adds sediments to landforms or land masses in layers — true (sediments settle out and accumulate in beds).
- Compaction and cementation are ways in which sedimentary rocks become solids — true (lithification).
- Erosion moves sediment from one location to another — true (transport by water, wind, ice, gravity).

Incorrect: “Volcanic eruptions cause sedimentary rocks to form.” Volcanic eruptions mainly produce igneous rocks (and volcanic ash/lapilli). While volcanic material can later be eroded, deposited, and lithified into sedimentary deposits, eruptions themselves do not directly form typical sedimentary rock.