Question

Adams sent three commissioners to France, but in the spring of 1798 word arrived that the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand and the Directory had refused to negotiate with them unless they would first pay a substantial bribe. Adams reported the insult to Congress, and the Senate printed the correspondence, in which the Frenchmen were referred to only as "X, Y, and Z."…

President Adams did not call for a declaration of war, but hostilities began at sea. At first, American shipping was almost defenseless against French privateers, but by 1800 armed merchantmen and U.S. warships were clearing the sea-lanes. —WhiteHouse.gov


Question
Based on the information in the excerpt, what can be inferred about the effect the war between France and England had on the United States?
(1 point)
Responses

The disagreements between political parties on issues relating to the war led to the inability of Congress to function.
The disagreements between political parties on issues relating to the war led to the inability of Congress to function.

The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.
The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.

The refusal to pay the bribe resulted in a suspension in French trade that deeply altered the American economy.
The refusal to pay the bribe resulted in a suspension in French trade that deeply altered the American economy.

The unwillingness of the French to negotiate brought about a long period of distrust of the French Directory.

Answer 1

The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.

(The excerpt states American shipping was first defenseless but by 1800 armed merchantmen and U.S. warships were clearing the sea-lanes.)