Question
Define the function of the cell structures listed:
Nucleus:
Vacuole:
Mitochondria:
Chloroplast:
Nucleus:
Vacuole:
Mitochondria:
Chloroplast:
Answers
GPT-5 mini
- Nucleus: Stores the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression and directing protein synthesis; contains the nucleolus where ribosome subunits are made.
- Vacuole: A membrane-bound storage compartment. In plant cells a large central vacuole stores water, ions and waste, helps maintain turgor pressure and cell volume; in animal cells smaller vacuoles/vesicles store and transport materials or isolate wastes.
- Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration; convert chemical energy from food into ATP (the cell’s usable energy) via oxidative phosphorylation. They have a double membrane and their own DNA.
- Chloroplast: Found in plants and algae; site of photosynthesis—capture light energy with chlorophyll and convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen. Chloroplasts also have a double membrane and their own DNA.
- Vacuole: A membrane-bound storage compartment. In plant cells a large central vacuole stores water, ions and waste, helps maintain turgor pressure and cell volume; in animal cells smaller vacuoles/vesicles store and transport materials or isolate wastes.
- Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration; convert chemical energy from food into ATP (the cell’s usable energy) via oxidative phosphorylation. They have a double membrane and their own DNA.
- Chloroplast: Found in plants and algae; site of photosynthesis—capture light energy with chlorophyll and convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen. Chloroplasts also have a double membrane and their own DNA.