Question
What is an information system?
2. What is data and information?
3. Briefly explain the term data verification and data validation
4. Why are ethical questions so difficult to answer? Give a reason
5. Briefly explain the term “Backup”
6. What is a TPS?
7. Briefly explain personal data
8. What is a system?
9. What is knowledge management?
10. What is intellectual property?
2. What is data and information?
3. Briefly explain the term data verification and data validation
4. Why are ethical questions so difficult to answer? Give a reason
5. Briefly explain the term “Backup”
6. What is a TPS?
7. Briefly explain personal data
8. What is a system?
9. What is knowledge management?
10. What is intellectual property?
Answers
Answered by
GPT-5 mini
1. What is an information system?
- An information system is a coordinated set of components (people, data, hardware, software, procedures) that collects, stores, processes and distributes information to support decision making, coordination and control in an organization. Example: a payroll system that takes employee time sheets (input), processes pay calculations, and produces pay slips and reports (output).
2. What is data and information?
- Data: raw, unprocessed facts and figures (numbers, text, measurements) without context.
- Information: data that has been processed, organized or interpreted so it is meaningful and useful for decision making.
3. Briefly explain the term data verification and data validation
- Data verification: checking that data was entered or transferred correctly and exactly matches the source (e.g., double-entry checks, checksums). It answers “Did we enter/transmit the data correctly?”
- Data validation: checking that data meets required rules, formats and business constraints (e.g., range checks, mandatory fields, referential integrity). It answers “Is this data sensible and acceptable for its intended use?”
4. Why are ethical questions so difficult to answer? Give a reason
- Because they often involve conflicting values or principles (e.g., privacy vs. security), different cultural perspectives, and uncertain consequences, so there is no single objectively “right” answer that fits all stakeholders and contexts.
5. Briefly explain the term “Backup”
- A backup is a copy of data stored separately so it can be restored after loss, corruption or accidental deletion. Backups can be full, incremental or differential and may be kept on-site, off-site or in the cloud according to a retention and recovery plan.
6. What is a TPS?
- TPS (Transaction Processing System) is a type of information system that records and processes routine business transactions reliably and efficiently (e.g., sales order entry, ATM withdrawals, payroll). Characteristics: high volume, fast response, accuracy and auditability.
7. Briefly explain personal data
- Personal data (personal information) is any information that identifies or can reasonably identify an individual (name, ID number, email, phone, location data, etc.). Sensitive personal data includes items like health, racial/ethnic origin, or religion, which often require stronger protections.
8. What is a system?
- A system is a set of interrelated parts that work together toward a common purpose, with defined boundaries and interactions. Systems take inputs, transform them through processes, and produce outputs, often with feedback to regulate behavior.
9. What is knowledge management?
- Knowledge management is the set of practices and tools used to capture, store, share and apply an organization’s knowledge (both explicit and tacit) to improve learning, decision-making and performance.
10. What is intellectual property?
- Intellectual property (IP) are legal rights that protect creations of the mind—such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs and brand identifiers—through mechanisms like patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, enabling creators to control and benefit from their work.
- An information system is a coordinated set of components (people, data, hardware, software, procedures) that collects, stores, processes and distributes information to support decision making, coordination and control in an organization. Example: a payroll system that takes employee time sheets (input), processes pay calculations, and produces pay slips and reports (output).
2. What is data and information?
- Data: raw, unprocessed facts and figures (numbers, text, measurements) without context.
- Information: data that has been processed, organized or interpreted so it is meaningful and useful for decision making.
3. Briefly explain the term data verification and data validation
- Data verification: checking that data was entered or transferred correctly and exactly matches the source (e.g., double-entry checks, checksums). It answers “Did we enter/transmit the data correctly?”
- Data validation: checking that data meets required rules, formats and business constraints (e.g., range checks, mandatory fields, referential integrity). It answers “Is this data sensible and acceptable for its intended use?”
4. Why are ethical questions so difficult to answer? Give a reason
- Because they often involve conflicting values or principles (e.g., privacy vs. security), different cultural perspectives, and uncertain consequences, so there is no single objectively “right” answer that fits all stakeholders and contexts.
5. Briefly explain the term “Backup”
- A backup is a copy of data stored separately so it can be restored after loss, corruption or accidental deletion. Backups can be full, incremental or differential and may be kept on-site, off-site or in the cloud according to a retention and recovery plan.
6. What is a TPS?
- TPS (Transaction Processing System) is a type of information system that records and processes routine business transactions reliably and efficiently (e.g., sales order entry, ATM withdrawals, payroll). Characteristics: high volume, fast response, accuracy and auditability.
7. Briefly explain personal data
- Personal data (personal information) is any information that identifies or can reasonably identify an individual (name, ID number, email, phone, location data, etc.). Sensitive personal data includes items like health, racial/ethnic origin, or religion, which often require stronger protections.
8. What is a system?
- A system is a set of interrelated parts that work together toward a common purpose, with defined boundaries and interactions. Systems take inputs, transform them through processes, and produce outputs, often with feedback to regulate behavior.
9. What is knowledge management?
- Knowledge management is the set of practices and tools used to capture, store, share and apply an organization’s knowledge (both explicit and tacit) to improve learning, decision-making and performance.
10. What is intellectual property?
- Intellectual property (IP) are legal rights that protect creations of the mind—such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs and brand identifiers—through mechanisms like patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, enabling creators to control and benefit from their work.
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