Question

Arrange the events of succession after a volcano erupted in their proper order.
a.
pioneer species, plant growth, soil formation
b.
pioneer species, soil formation, plant growth
c.
soil formation, pioneer species, plant growth
d.
soil formation, plant growth, pioneer species

Answer 1

The correct order of events after a volcano erupts is:

**a. pioneer species, soil formation, plant growth**

1. **Pioneer species** arrive first, such as lichens and mosses, which can grow on bare rock.
2. These species help to initiate **soil formation** as they break down the rock and contribute organic material when they die.
3. Once the soil has developed enough, **plant growth** can occur, leading to more complex ecosystems.

This sequence illustrates the process of ecological succession following a volcanic eruption.