Question
Vocabulary: aerobic, anaerobic, ATP, cellular respiration, chemical energy, chlorophyll,
chloroplast, cytoplasm, glucose, glycolysis, mitochondria, photosynthesis, radiant energy
7. Summarize: Based on what you have seen, write a simplified formula for cellular respiration.
__________ + __________ __________ + __________
Turn on Show input/output formula to check. Were you correct? _____________
6. Challenge: To balance the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration, there should be the
same number of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms on each side of the arrow.
A. Is the formula balanced as written? Why or why not?
B. Now balance the input/output formula by adding coefficients to each molecule. Write
the balanced formula below, and then check your work by clicking Balance.
___ _________ + ___ _________ ___ _________ + ___ _________
8. Compare: The aerobic phase of cellular respiration in the mitochondrion produces a net of
about 28 to 30 ATP molecules. How does this compare to the energy released in glycolysis?
(Note: Some textbooks state that up to 36 ATP molecules are produced in this phase of
cellular respiration. In reality, some energy is lost in the process due to the cost of
transporting molecules and imperfect membranes.)
9. Extend your thinking: When you think of the word “respiration,” you might think about the
process of breathing, which is actually called ventilation. (The respiratory system consists of
the windpipe, lungs, etc.)
How is breathing related to cellular respiration? (Hint: Think about both the inputs and the
outputs of cellular respiration.)
Activity C:
The carbonoxygen cycle
Get the Gizmo ready:
Click Reset.
Select the CYCLE tab.
Question: How is photosynthesis related to cellular respiration?
1. Form a hypothesis: How do you think photosynthesis is related to cellular respiration?
2. Predict: Look at the red arrows, and think about the photosynthesis and respiration
processes. Each red arrow connects a set of inputs to the outputs of the reaction.
A. Which molecules would you expect to find at the top of the diagram? Explain.
B. Which molecules would you expect to find at the bottom of the diagram? Explain.
3. Observe: Drag the Oxygen, Glucose, Carbon dioxide, and Water into the CYCLE pane.
A. Which substances are inputs in photosynthesis? ____________ ____________
B. Which substances are outputs of photosynthesis? ____________ ____________
C. Which substances are inputs in respiration? ____________ ____________
D. Which substances are outputs of respiration? ____________ ____________
4. Compare: How are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis and respiration related to one
another?
(Activity C continued on next page)
Activity C (continued from previous page)
5. Review: In photosynthesis and respiration, energy is converted from one form to another.
Light is a form of radiant energy. Glucose and ATP molecules store chemical energy.
A. During photosynthesis, what role is played by the radiant energy of the Sun? Explain
your answer.
B. In photosynthesis, what form of energy is sunlight converted to, and how is this
energy stored?
C. Does cellular respiration result in a net input of energy or a net output of energy?
Explain.
D. How is the energy produced by respiration stored?
6. Summarize: How are respiration and photosynthesis related to each other?
7. Think and discuss: In what ways are plants and animals dependent on each other?
chloroplast, cytoplasm, glucose, glycolysis, mitochondria, photosynthesis, radiant energy
7. Summarize: Based on what you have seen, write a simplified formula for cellular respiration.
__________ + __________ __________ + __________
Turn on Show input/output formula to check. Were you correct? _____________
6. Challenge: To balance the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration, there should be the
same number of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms on each side of the arrow.
A. Is the formula balanced as written? Why or why not?
B. Now balance the input/output formula by adding coefficients to each molecule. Write
the balanced formula below, and then check your work by clicking Balance.
___ _________ + ___ _________ ___ _________ + ___ _________
8. Compare: The aerobic phase of cellular respiration in the mitochondrion produces a net of
about 28 to 30 ATP molecules. How does this compare to the energy released in glycolysis?
(Note: Some textbooks state that up to 36 ATP molecules are produced in this phase of
cellular respiration. In reality, some energy is lost in the process due to the cost of
transporting molecules and imperfect membranes.)
9. Extend your thinking: When you think of the word “respiration,” you might think about the
process of breathing, which is actually called ventilation. (The respiratory system consists of
the windpipe, lungs, etc.)
How is breathing related to cellular respiration? (Hint: Think about both the inputs and the
outputs of cellular respiration.)
Activity C:
The carbonoxygen cycle
Get the Gizmo ready:
Click Reset.
Select the CYCLE tab.
Question: How is photosynthesis related to cellular respiration?
1. Form a hypothesis: How do you think photosynthesis is related to cellular respiration?
2. Predict: Look at the red arrows, and think about the photosynthesis and respiration
processes. Each red arrow connects a set of inputs to the outputs of the reaction.
A. Which molecules would you expect to find at the top of the diagram? Explain.
B. Which molecules would you expect to find at the bottom of the diagram? Explain.
3. Observe: Drag the Oxygen, Glucose, Carbon dioxide, and Water into the CYCLE pane.
A. Which substances are inputs in photosynthesis? ____________ ____________
B. Which substances are outputs of photosynthesis? ____________ ____________
C. Which substances are inputs in respiration? ____________ ____________
D. Which substances are outputs of respiration? ____________ ____________
4. Compare: How are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis and respiration related to one
another?
(Activity C continued on next page)
Activity C (continued from previous page)
5. Review: In photosynthesis and respiration, energy is converted from one form to another.
Light is a form of radiant energy. Glucose and ATP molecules store chemical energy.
A. During photosynthesis, what role is played by the radiant energy of the Sun? Explain
your answer.
B. In photosynthesis, what form of energy is sunlight converted to, and how is this
energy stored?
C. Does cellular respiration result in a net input of energy or a net output of energy?
Explain.
D. How is the energy produced by respiration stored?
6. Summarize: How are respiration and photosynthesis related to each other?
7. Think and discuss: In what ways are plants and animals dependent on each other?
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Let's break down the questions and tasks clearly:
### Simplified Formula for Cellular Respiration
7. **Summarize:**
- The simplified formula for cellular respiration is:
**Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP**
- Check if this aligns with the Show input/output formula confirmation: **Correct.**
### Balancing the Inputs and Outputs
6. **Challenge:**
A. **Is the formula balanced as written? Why or why not?**
- The formula is not balanced because the number of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms on each side of the equation is different.
B. **Balanced Formula:**
- The balanced formula is:
**\_ C₆H₁₂O₆ + \_ O₂ → \_ CO₂ + \_ H₂O**
- The balanced equation with coefficients:
**1 C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O**
### Energy Production Comparison
8. **Compare:**
- Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP molecules. In contrast, the aerobic phase of cellular respiration in the mitochondria produces about 28 to 30 ATP molecules. Thus, more energy (in terms of ATP) is generated during the aerobic phase compared to glycolysis.
### Breathing and Cellular Respiration
9. **Extend your thinking:**
- Breathing (ventilation) brings oxygen into the body, which is used in cellular respiration to convert glucose into energy. The outputs of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide and water, are expelled during breathing. Therefore, the processes are connected: inhaling supplies oxygen for cellular respiration, and exhaling removes carbon dioxide, a byproduct of that process.
---
### Carbon-Oxygen Cycle and Relation to Photosynthesis
- **Hypothesis:**
1. Photosynthesis provides glucose and oxygen used in cellular respiration, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water that serve as inputs for photosynthesis.
2. **Predict:**
A. **Top of the diagram:**
- You would expect to find **Sunlight** and **Carbon Dioxide**, as these are inputs to photosynthesis.
B. **Bottom of the diagram:**
- At the bottom, you would expect to find **Glucose** and **Oxygen**, as these are the outputs of photosynthesis and the inputs for respiration.
3. **Observe:**
A. **Inputs in photosynthesis:**
- Carbon dioxide and Water.
B. **Outputs of photosynthesis:**
- Glucose and Oxygen.
C. **Inputs in respiration:**
- Glucose and Oxygen.
D. **Outputs of respiration:**
- Carbon Dioxide and Water.
4. **Compare:**
- The inputs of photosynthesis (carbon dioxide and water) are the outputs of cellular respiration, and the outputs of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen) serve as the inputs for cellular respiration. This shows a cyclical relationship between the two processes.
5. **Review:**
A. **Role of radiant energy in photosynthesis:**
- The radiant energy from the Sun is absorbed by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts and is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
B. **Energy conversion in photosynthesis:**
- Sunlight is converted into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules.
C. **Energy output from cellular respiration:**
- Cellular respiration results in a net output of energy (ATP) since the process releases energy from glucose.
D. **Storage of energy from respiration:**
- The energy produced by respiration is stored in the form of ATP molecules.
6. **Summarize:**
- Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interconnected processes where the products of one serve as the reactants for the other. Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into chemical energy in glucose, while cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy for cellular processes.
7. **Think and discuss:**
- Plants provide oxygen and glucose essential for animals, while animals produce carbon dioxide necessary for plants to perform photosynthesis. This mutual dependence illustrates a symbiotic relationship in ecosystems.
### Simplified Formula for Cellular Respiration
7. **Summarize:**
- The simplified formula for cellular respiration is:
**Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP**
- Check if this aligns with the Show input/output formula confirmation: **Correct.**
### Balancing the Inputs and Outputs
6. **Challenge:**
A. **Is the formula balanced as written? Why or why not?**
- The formula is not balanced because the number of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms on each side of the equation is different.
B. **Balanced Formula:**
- The balanced formula is:
**\_ C₆H₁₂O₆ + \_ O₂ → \_ CO₂ + \_ H₂O**
- The balanced equation with coefficients:
**1 C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O**
### Energy Production Comparison
8. **Compare:**
- Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP molecules. In contrast, the aerobic phase of cellular respiration in the mitochondria produces about 28 to 30 ATP molecules. Thus, more energy (in terms of ATP) is generated during the aerobic phase compared to glycolysis.
### Breathing and Cellular Respiration
9. **Extend your thinking:**
- Breathing (ventilation) brings oxygen into the body, which is used in cellular respiration to convert glucose into energy. The outputs of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide and water, are expelled during breathing. Therefore, the processes are connected: inhaling supplies oxygen for cellular respiration, and exhaling removes carbon dioxide, a byproduct of that process.
---
### Carbon-Oxygen Cycle and Relation to Photosynthesis
- **Hypothesis:**
1. Photosynthesis provides glucose and oxygen used in cellular respiration, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water that serve as inputs for photosynthesis.
2. **Predict:**
A. **Top of the diagram:**
- You would expect to find **Sunlight** and **Carbon Dioxide**, as these are inputs to photosynthesis.
B. **Bottom of the diagram:**
- At the bottom, you would expect to find **Glucose** and **Oxygen**, as these are the outputs of photosynthesis and the inputs for respiration.
3. **Observe:**
A. **Inputs in photosynthesis:**
- Carbon dioxide and Water.
B. **Outputs of photosynthesis:**
- Glucose and Oxygen.
C. **Inputs in respiration:**
- Glucose and Oxygen.
D. **Outputs of respiration:**
- Carbon Dioxide and Water.
4. **Compare:**
- The inputs of photosynthesis (carbon dioxide and water) are the outputs of cellular respiration, and the outputs of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen) serve as the inputs for cellular respiration. This shows a cyclical relationship between the two processes.
5. **Review:**
A. **Role of radiant energy in photosynthesis:**
- The radiant energy from the Sun is absorbed by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts and is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
B. **Energy conversion in photosynthesis:**
- Sunlight is converted into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules.
C. **Energy output from cellular respiration:**
- Cellular respiration results in a net output of energy (ATP) since the process releases energy from glucose.
D. **Storage of energy from respiration:**
- The energy produced by respiration is stored in the form of ATP molecules.
6. **Summarize:**
- Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interconnected processes where the products of one serve as the reactants for the other. Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into chemical energy in glucose, while cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release energy for cellular processes.
7. **Think and discuss:**
- Plants provide oxygen and glucose essential for animals, while animals produce carbon dioxide necessary for plants to perform photosynthesis. This mutual dependence illustrates a symbiotic relationship in ecosystems.