Question
What did Democritus believe would happen to cheese if you cut it into smaller and
smaller pieces? 2. What word did Democritus use for the smallest pieces of matter, and what does it mean
in Greek?
3. Democritus thought that different kinds of matter vary because of what three things?
4. According to Democritus, what explains why some matter is heavier than other matter?
5. What philosopher around that time rejected Democritus’ idea of the atom?
6. What did he say atoms were made of?
7. How long did people reject Democritus’s idea of the atom?
8. What did Aristotle believe all matter was made from?
9. What scientist revived Democritus’s idea of the atom? 10. What were the 4 most important parts in Dalton’s atomic theory?
a. b. c. d.
11. What 2 laws were Dalton’s theory based on?
a. b.
12. What does the law of conservation of mass say?
13. What does the law of definite proportions say?
14. How did Dalton visualize atoms?
15. Did Dalton’s model have any subatomic particles?
16. Find a picture of Dalton’s model online and put it here.
17. Who discovered the first subatomic particle in the atom?
18. What tool did he use to help discover this particle? 19. Find a picture of this tool and attach it here.
20. What was he able to demonstrate about cathode rays by using this tool? 21. Find a picture of the cathode ray tube and insert it here.
22. How did he say the cathode ray moved when he added either an electrical plate or a
magnetic plate to the outside of the cathode ray tube?
23. What name did he initially call the particles that he discovered? What are they called
now?
24. What is the name of Thomson’s model?
25. Find a picture of Thomson’s model of the atom and place it here. Be sure to label the
parts.
26. Who discovered the nucleus in the atom? 27. What experiment did he complete to find the nucleus? 28. Find a picture of his experiment and put it here.
29. What did Rutherford conclude about the atom after his experiment?
smaller pieces? 2. What word did Democritus use for the smallest pieces of matter, and what does it mean
in Greek?
3. Democritus thought that different kinds of matter vary because of what three things?
4. According to Democritus, what explains why some matter is heavier than other matter?
5. What philosopher around that time rejected Democritus’ idea of the atom?
6. What did he say atoms were made of?
7. How long did people reject Democritus’s idea of the atom?
8. What did Aristotle believe all matter was made from?
9. What scientist revived Democritus’s idea of the atom? 10. What were the 4 most important parts in Dalton’s atomic theory?
a. b. c. d.
11. What 2 laws were Dalton’s theory based on?
a. b.
12. What does the law of conservation of mass say?
13. What does the law of definite proportions say?
14. How did Dalton visualize atoms?
15. Did Dalton’s model have any subatomic particles?
16. Find a picture of Dalton’s model online and put it here.
17. Who discovered the first subatomic particle in the atom?
18. What tool did he use to help discover this particle? 19. Find a picture of this tool and attach it here.
20. What was he able to demonstrate about cathode rays by using this tool? 21. Find a picture of the cathode ray tube and insert it here.
22. How did he say the cathode ray moved when he added either an electrical plate or a
magnetic plate to the outside of the cathode ray tube?
23. What name did he initially call the particles that he discovered? What are they called
now?
24. What is the name of Thomson’s model?
25. Find a picture of Thomson’s model of the atom and place it here. Be sure to label the
parts.
26. Who discovered the nucleus in the atom? 27. What experiment did he complete to find the nucleus? 28. Find a picture of his experiment and put it here.
29. What did Rutherford conclude about the atom after his experiment?
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Here are responses to your questions regarding Democritus and the development of atomic theory:
1. **Democritus believed** that if you cut cheese (or any matter) into smaller and smaller pieces, you would eventually reach a point where you could not cut it anymore. He thought there was a limit to how small matter could be divided.
2. The word Democritus used for the smallest pieces of matter is **“atomos,”** which means "uncuttable" or "indivisible" in Greek.
3. Democritus thought that different kinds of matter vary because of **three factors**: the shape, size, and arrangement of their atoms.
4. According to Democritus, the difference in weight of matter is explained by the **size and shape of the atoms**.
5. The philosopher who rejected Democritus’ idea of the atom was **Aristotle**.
6. Aristotle said that atoms were made of **four elements: earth, water, air, and fire**.
7. People rejected Democritus’s idea of the atom for about **2,000 years** until the 19th century.
8. Aristotle believed all matter was made from the **four fundamental elements: earth, air, water, and fire**.
9. The scientist who revived Democritus’s idea of the atom was **John Dalton**.
10. The four most important parts of Dalton’s atomic theory are:
a. All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
b. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties.
c. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
d. A chemical reaction involves a rearrangement of atoms; atoms are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
11. Dalton’s theory was based on two laws:
a. The law of conservation of mass (matter cannot be created or destroyed).
b. The law of definite proportions (a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass).
12. The **law of conservation of mass** states that in a closed system, the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products; matter cannot be created or destroyed.
13. The **law of definite proportions** states that a chemical compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass, regardless of the sample size or source.
14. Dalton visualized atoms as **solid, indivisible spheres**.
15. No, Dalton’s model did not include any **subatomic particles**; it portrayed atoms as solid, indivisible units.
16. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "Dalton's atomic model" online.
17. The first subatomic particle in the atom was discovered by **J.J. Thomson**.
18. He used a **cathode ray tube** to help discover this particle.
19. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "cathode ray tube" online.
20. He was able to demonstrate that cathode rays are composed of **negatively charged particles**, which were later named electrons.
21. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "cathode ray tube" online to see what it looks like.
22. He observed that when he added either an **electrical plate or a magnetic plate** outside the cathode ray tube, the cathode rays bent towards the positive side, indicating they were negatively charged.
23. He initially called the particles **"corpuscles,"** which are now known as **electrons**.
24. Thomson’s model is referred to as the **“plum pudding model.”**
25. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "Thomson's plum pudding model" online.
26. The nucleus of the atom was discovered by **Ernest Rutherford**.
27. Rutherford completed the **gold foil experiment** to find the nucleus.
28. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "Rutherford gold foil experiment" online for pictures of his experiment.
29. After his experiment, Rutherford concluded that the atom is mostly empty space, with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at its center, surrounded by electrons.
Feel free to ask if you need further information!
1. **Democritus believed** that if you cut cheese (or any matter) into smaller and smaller pieces, you would eventually reach a point where you could not cut it anymore. He thought there was a limit to how small matter could be divided.
2. The word Democritus used for the smallest pieces of matter is **“atomos,”** which means "uncuttable" or "indivisible" in Greek.
3. Democritus thought that different kinds of matter vary because of **three factors**: the shape, size, and arrangement of their atoms.
4. According to Democritus, the difference in weight of matter is explained by the **size and shape of the atoms**.
5. The philosopher who rejected Democritus’ idea of the atom was **Aristotle**.
6. Aristotle said that atoms were made of **four elements: earth, water, air, and fire**.
7. People rejected Democritus’s idea of the atom for about **2,000 years** until the 19th century.
8. Aristotle believed all matter was made from the **four fundamental elements: earth, air, water, and fire**.
9. The scientist who revived Democritus’s idea of the atom was **John Dalton**.
10. The four most important parts of Dalton’s atomic theory are:
a. All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
b. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties.
c. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
d. A chemical reaction involves a rearrangement of atoms; atoms are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
11. Dalton’s theory was based on two laws:
a. The law of conservation of mass (matter cannot be created or destroyed).
b. The law of definite proportions (a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass).
12. The **law of conservation of mass** states that in a closed system, the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products; matter cannot be created or destroyed.
13. The **law of definite proportions** states that a chemical compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass, regardless of the sample size or source.
14. Dalton visualized atoms as **solid, indivisible spheres**.
15. No, Dalton’s model did not include any **subatomic particles**; it portrayed atoms as solid, indivisible units.
16. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "Dalton's atomic model" online.
17. The first subatomic particle in the atom was discovered by **J.J. Thomson**.
18. He used a **cathode ray tube** to help discover this particle.
19. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "cathode ray tube" online.
20. He was able to demonstrate that cathode rays are composed of **negatively charged particles**, which were later named electrons.
21. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "cathode ray tube" online to see what it looks like.
22. He observed that when he added either an **electrical plate or a magnetic plate** outside the cathode ray tube, the cathode rays bent towards the positive side, indicating they were negatively charged.
23. He initially called the particles **"corpuscles,"** which are now known as **electrons**.
24. Thomson’s model is referred to as the **“plum pudding model.”**
25. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "Thomson's plum pudding model" online.
26. The nucleus of the atom was discovered by **Ernest Rutherford**.
27. Rutherford completed the **gold foil experiment** to find the nucleus.
28. I cannot provide images, but you can search for "Rutherford gold foil experiment" online for pictures of his experiment.
29. After his experiment, Rutherford concluded that the atom is mostly empty space, with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at its center, surrounded by electrons.
Feel free to ask if you need further information!