Question
Consider the following experimental setup in which an experimenter is heating a metal band at its center with a burner.
image 1171401285be40f097430d80a881683b
Which of the following investigations correctly explains heat transfer through the metal band?
Responses
Conduction transfers heat energy through the metal band. With the supply of heat energy, the closely-packed metal ions gain kinetic energy and vibrate about their mean positions. At the same time, the free electrons transfer this excessive kinetic energy from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band. Free electrons transfer the energy as they collide with ions moving through the lattice.
Conduction transfers heat energy through the metal band. With the supply of heat energy, the closely-packed metal ions gain kinetic energy and vibrate about their mean positions. At the same time, the free electrons transfer this excessive kinetic energy from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band. Free electrons transfer the energy as they collide with ions moving through the lattice.
Conduction and radiation transfer heat energy through the metal band. From the burner, the metal ions at the bottom of the layer receive heat energy through infrared radiation. Then, the heat energy transfers from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band by conduction.
Conduction and radiation transfer heat energy through the metal band. From the burner, the metal ions at the bottom of the layer receive heat energy through infrared radiation. Then, the heat energy transfers from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band by conduction.
Radiation transfers heat energy through the metal band. The metal ions in the bottom layer are in contact with the burner. The burner is at a very high temperature, and it emits thermal energy in space in the form of infrared radiation.
Radiation transfers heat energy through the metal band. The metal ions in the bottom layer are in contact with the burner. The burner is at a very high temperature, and it emits thermal energy in space in the form of infrared radiation.
Convection transfers heat energy through the metal band. The metal ions in contact with the heat energy from the burner gain lot of kinetic energy; therefore, they expand and move upward through the crystal to reach the surface. At the same time, the surface molecules are having less kinetic energy and are more compact, so they are pushed downward. This causes a sort of convection current in the crystal structure of the metal.
image 1171401285be40f097430d80a881683b
Which of the following investigations correctly explains heat transfer through the metal band?
Responses
Conduction transfers heat energy through the metal band. With the supply of heat energy, the closely-packed metal ions gain kinetic energy and vibrate about their mean positions. At the same time, the free electrons transfer this excessive kinetic energy from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band. Free electrons transfer the energy as they collide with ions moving through the lattice.
Conduction transfers heat energy through the metal band. With the supply of heat energy, the closely-packed metal ions gain kinetic energy and vibrate about their mean positions. At the same time, the free electrons transfer this excessive kinetic energy from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band. Free electrons transfer the energy as they collide with ions moving through the lattice.
Conduction and radiation transfer heat energy through the metal band. From the burner, the metal ions at the bottom of the layer receive heat energy through infrared radiation. Then, the heat energy transfers from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band by conduction.
Conduction and radiation transfer heat energy through the metal band. From the burner, the metal ions at the bottom of the layer receive heat energy through infrared radiation. Then, the heat energy transfers from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band by conduction.
Radiation transfers heat energy through the metal band. The metal ions in the bottom layer are in contact with the burner. The burner is at a very high temperature, and it emits thermal energy in space in the form of infrared radiation.
Radiation transfers heat energy through the metal band. The metal ions in the bottom layer are in contact with the burner. The burner is at a very high temperature, and it emits thermal energy in space in the form of infrared radiation.
Convection transfers heat energy through the metal band. The metal ions in contact with the heat energy from the burner gain lot of kinetic energy; therefore, they expand and move upward through the crystal to reach the surface. At the same time, the surface molecules are having less kinetic energy and are more compact, so they are pushed downward. This causes a sort of convection current in the crystal structure of the metal.
Answers
GPT-4o mini
The most accurate explanation for heat transfer through the metal band in the given experimental setup is as follows:
**Conduction transfers heat energy through the metal band. With the supply of heat energy, the closely-packed metal ions gain kinetic energy and vibrate about their mean positions. At the same time, the free electrons transfer this excessive kinetic energy from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band. Free electrons transfer the energy as they collide with ions moving through the lattice.**
This explanation correctly focuses on conduction as the primary mode of heat transfer in solids like metals, where free electrons and lattice vibrations play a crucial role. Conduction occurs as the hot end of the metal band gains energy, causing electrons and ions to vibrate more rapidly and transfer that energy through collisions along the length of the band.
**Other responses may mention radiation or convection, but these are not significant in the context of solid metal conduction. For instance:**
- Radiation is generally less effective in solids and primarily concerns heat transfer between surfaces in close proximity.
- Convection refers to heat transfer through fluids and isn’t applicable to solids like a metal band.
Thus, conduction is the correct and most relevant process for the situation described.
**Conduction transfers heat energy through the metal band. With the supply of heat energy, the closely-packed metal ions gain kinetic energy and vibrate about their mean positions. At the same time, the free electrons transfer this excessive kinetic energy from the hot end to the cold end of the metal band. Free electrons transfer the energy as they collide with ions moving through the lattice.**
This explanation correctly focuses on conduction as the primary mode of heat transfer in solids like metals, where free electrons and lattice vibrations play a crucial role. Conduction occurs as the hot end of the metal band gains energy, causing electrons and ions to vibrate more rapidly and transfer that energy through collisions along the length of the band.
**Other responses may mention radiation or convection, but these are not significant in the context of solid metal conduction. For instance:**
- Radiation is generally less effective in solids and primarily concerns heat transfer between surfaces in close proximity.
- Convection refers to heat transfer through fluids and isn’t applicable to solids like a metal band.
Thus, conduction is the correct and most relevant process for the situation described.