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Ethical Theories in Criminal Justice

– Quick Reference
Use this sheet as a reference while working on your scenario analysis.
Ethical Theory Definition & Example
Virtue Ethics Focuses on good character traits
(honesty, courage). Example: A judge
showing fairness in sentencing.
Social Contract Theory Emphasizes rules and obligations of
society. Example: Following the law
because it protects all citizens.
Care Ethics Values empathy and relationships.
Example: A probation officer prioritizing
rehabilitation over punishment.
Egoism Prioritizes self-interest. Example: An
officer acting to protect their own safety
before others.

1 answer

Ethical Theories in Criminal Justice - Quick Reference

| Ethical Theory | Definition | Example | |----------------------|------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------| | Virtue Ethics | Focuses on good character traits (honesty, courage). | A judge demonstrating fairness and impartiality in sentencing. | | Social Contract Theory | Emphasizes rules and obligations of society. | Adhering to laws because they maintain social order and protect citizens. | | Care Ethics | Values empathy and relationships. | A probation officer prioritizing the rehabilitation of offenders rather than solely enforcing punishment. | | Egoism | Prioritizes self-interest. | A police officer making decisions that prioritize their own safety over the well-being of others in a dangerous situation. |

How These Theories Apply in Criminal Justice Scenarios

  1. Virtue Ethics: Judges, attorneys, and law enforcement officials can embody virtues by ensuring fairness, integrity, and impartiality in their actions, directly impacting the justice system's credibility.

  2. Social Contract Theory: An important framework for understanding the obligations of citizens and officials. For instance, law enforcement officers must enforce laws to uphold the social contract established for maintaining societal order.

  3. Care Ethics: Particularly relevant in rehabilitation-oriented roles, such as in probation and parole. This perspective encourages criminal justice professionals to seek not just punishment but to understand and address the underlying issues contributing to criminal behavior.

  4. Egoism: While often viewed negatively, it can manifest in the decisions made by individuals in high-stress situations. Recognizing self-interest can lead to debates about the balance between personal safety and community responsibility.

Application Notice

In analyzing scenarios in criminal justice, consider how each ethical theory influences the decisions made by individuals at various levels, from law enforcement officers and judges to correctional staff and community support organizations. Each theory provides a unique lens through which to evaluate actions and decisions within the justice system.