The two text features that would be most helpful to support the central idea of the passage are:
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a map showing the spread of Islam through much of the ancient world - This map would visually illustrate the geographic expansion of Islam, which is a key point made in the passage.
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a timeline showing the spread of Muhammad's teachings - This timeline would provide a chronological context for the rapid growth of Islam from its inception to its expansion across various regions, reinforcing the historical progression mentioned in the passage.