Question

Which statement about the U.S. judicial system is true?
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established and organized the system of lower federal courts.
Article III of the Constitution identified three types of courts at the state and federal levels.
The Rooker-Feldman Doctrine requires that all cases must first be heard in a state trial court.
The Erie Doctrine prevents state courts from hearing any case involving a federal law or policy.

Answer 1

The true statement about the U.S. judicial system is:

**The Judiciary Act of 1789 established and organized the system of lower federal courts.**

The other statements are inaccurate in their descriptions of the U.S. judicial system:

- Article III of the Constitution does not identify three types of courts at the state and federal levels; it establishes the Supreme Court and gives Congress the authority to create lower federal courts.
- The Rooker-Feldman Doctrine does not require that all cases must first be heard in a state trial court; it is a doctrine that prevents lower federal courts from reviewing decisions made by state courts.
- The Erie Doctrine does not prevent state courts from hearing cases involving federal law; rather, it states that in cases of diversity jurisdiction, federal courts must apply state law to certain issues, such as substantive law, while state courts are free to hear cases involving federal law.