Maxim and Salma were asked to find an explicit formula for the sequence 54, 63, 72, 81, • .., where the first term should be f(1).

Maxim said the formula is f(n) = 54 + 9n.
Salma said the formula is f(n) = 9 + 54n.
Which one of them is right?

1 answer

To determine who is correct, let's analyze the sequence and the formulas provided by Maxim and Salma.

The sequence given is: 54, 63, 72, 81, ...

First, we can observe the pattern in the sequence. Each term increases by 9:

  • 63 - 54 = 9
  • 72 - 63 = 9
  • 81 - 72 = 9

This indicates that the sequence is an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 9.

The first term \( f(1) \) is 54.

Now, the general formula for an arithmetic sequence can be expressed as:

\[ f(n) = a + (n - 1) \cdot d \]

where:

  • \( a \) is the first term,
  • \( d \) is the common difference,
  • \( n \) is the term number.

Here, \( a = 54 \) and \( d = 9 \).

Substituting these values into the formula gives:

\[ f(n) = 54 + (n - 1) \cdot 9 \]

Simplifying this we get:

\[ f(n) = 54 + 9n - 9 = 9n + 45 \]

Let's check both formulas provided:

  1. Maxim's formula: \( f(n) = 54 + 9n \)

    • For \( n = 1 \): \( f(1) = 54 + 9 \cdot 1 = 54 + 9 = 63 \) (incorrect for first term)
    • For \( n = 2 \): \( f(2) = 54 + 9 \cdot 2 = 54 + 18 = 72 \) (incorrect)
  2. Salma's formula: \( f(n) = 9 + 54n \)

    • For \( n = 1 \): \( f(1) = 9 + 54 \cdot 1 = 9 + 54 = 63 \) (incorrect for first term)
    • For \( n = 2 \): \( f(2) = 9 + 54 \cdot 2 = 9 + 108 = 117 \) (incorrect)

Neither provided formula is correct as both yield wrong results for the first term or subsequent terms of the sequence.

The correct formula should be \( f(n) = 9n + 45 \). Thus, neither Maxim nor Salma is correct.