Question
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration develops new technologies every year. Businesses are able to transfer that technology to new applications. The figure above shows the amount of money made yearly from each "spin-off" version of the technologies. What can be inferred from the data?
Annual revenue in million dollars on the vertical axis and number of spinoffs on the horizontal axis, showing one spinoff making 1.2 billion dollars, and the median income per spinoff per year is 1 million dollars.
Businesses can profit from advancements in science.
It is risky to invest in scientific research.
Very few scientific technologies generate a profit.
2.
True or false: Science can be used to solve everyday problems.
True
False
3.
Which of these words best matches the scientific definition of theory?
explanation
guess
prediction
4.
When scientists discover a relationship between observations that happens repeatedly, this is known as which of the following?
a scientific law
a scientific theory
the scientific method
5.
Which of the following is the best conclusion about science based on the table shown below?
Evolution of Black Hole Theories
1783 1916 1974-1976 1990
Scientists predict supermassive objects in space. Scientific theory supports models of black holes where mass cannot escape. New evidence shows black holes can evaporate over time; mass can escape. Scientists propose that mass can do both but can only be seen one way by an observer.
2004 2012 2014 2019
Scientist come to consensus with the proposal. Scientists find that the accepted explanation contradicts parts of scientific theory. Scientists propose multiple new explanations. Scientists produce first ever picture of a black hole predicted by 1916 theory.
Theories are never fully proven.
Science is not trustworthy due to frequent changes.
It is impossible to reach scientific consensus.
6.
The image below is a model of the sun's layers. Which of the following statements is the best explanation for the size and location of the convective zone?
Model of the sun showing the convection zone, the corona, the radiative zone, the core, coronal streamers, and the chronosphere.
The thick convection zone is directly below the thin corona, and above the thick radiative zone.
Energy will transfer by convection only once the matter in the sun cools enough for the change in temperature to form the convection cells.
Energy cannot travel by convection through plasma, so it occurs only in areas without charged particles.
The sun does not change in temperature from it's inner to outer regions, limiting the size of the convective zone.
7.
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon fully or partially blocks sunlight from reaching the Earth. The graphs below show the temperatures of Marion, Kentucky and Madisonville, Kentucky during a total solar eclipse. Which range of times best supports the claim that energy from the sun travels to the Earth?
Solar eclipse temperature trace from Marion, KY from 10:15 to 16:15, showing temperatures between 90 and 92 degrees from 11:15 to 12:55, then a sharp decline to a low of 85 degrees at 13:35 and a gradual rise to 93 degrees at 15:15. Eclipse totality at 13:25.
Solar eclipse temperature trace from Madisonville, KY from 10:15 to 16:15, showing temperatures between 90 and 923 degrees from 11:15 to 12:35, then a decline to a low of 86 degrees at 13:35, continuing to 13:55, and a rise to 93 degrees by 15:15. Eclipse totality at 13:25.
13:15 to 14:15
10:15 to 11:15
11:15 to 12:15
8.
Which of the following statements best describes why a student would draw a diagram about the way light travels?
to figure out the way it travels or to show someone else the way it travels
to show someone else the way light travels, after they have figured it out
to represent only what is already known about the way light travels
9.
What concept about light waves does the diagram below represent?
Sun with a dotted arrow labeled Light leading to a yellow flower. Another dotted arrow labeled light leads to the eye of a man with a thought bubble over his head showing a smaller version of the yellow flower.
Light waves transfer energy from the sun that allow us to see everyday objects.
Everyday objects produce visible light waves that can be observed.
Light waves travel in a straight line from the sun to the Earth and cannot change direction.
10.
The sun is producing a large amount of energy the builds pressure in its core. What force keeps it from exploding outward?
gravitational force
magnetic force
frictional force
11.
True or False: The image below is a macroscopic model of the sun.
Model of the sun showing the convection zone, the corona, the radiative zone, the core, coronal streamers, and the chronosphere.
True
False
12.
True or False: The sun has a defined, solid outer boundary.
True
False
13.
The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged by which of the following?
frequency
amplitude
visibility
14.
The company that invented cordless power tools worked with scientists to develop versions of those tools for use in space. This led to the development of useful, compact tools available for everyone. This is an example of which of the following?
research and development improving technology
scientific knowledge increasing due to technology
the different goals of science and technology
15.
Which of the following is an example of scientific knowledge being used to create new technology?
A new sensor was developed to provide better digital images of space. Its small size and low power needs of this technology led to the development and wide use of cell phone cameras.
The telescope was designed to view distant objects. Scientists used the telescope to learn more about objects in our night sky.
Invention of the spectrometer allowed scientists to measure the composition of matter. The Mars rover used a spectrometer to measure the composition of minerals on Mars' surface.
Annual revenue in million dollars on the vertical axis and number of spinoffs on the horizontal axis, showing one spinoff making 1.2 billion dollars, and the median income per spinoff per year is 1 million dollars.
Businesses can profit from advancements in science.
It is risky to invest in scientific research.
Very few scientific technologies generate a profit.
2.
True or false: Science can be used to solve everyday problems.
True
False
3.
Which of these words best matches the scientific definition of theory?
explanation
guess
prediction
4.
When scientists discover a relationship between observations that happens repeatedly, this is known as which of the following?
a scientific law
a scientific theory
the scientific method
5.
Which of the following is the best conclusion about science based on the table shown below?
Evolution of Black Hole Theories
1783 1916 1974-1976 1990
Scientists predict supermassive objects in space. Scientific theory supports models of black holes where mass cannot escape. New evidence shows black holes can evaporate over time; mass can escape. Scientists propose that mass can do both but can only be seen one way by an observer.
2004 2012 2014 2019
Scientist come to consensus with the proposal. Scientists find that the accepted explanation contradicts parts of scientific theory. Scientists propose multiple new explanations. Scientists produce first ever picture of a black hole predicted by 1916 theory.
Theories are never fully proven.
Science is not trustworthy due to frequent changes.
It is impossible to reach scientific consensus.
6.
The image below is a model of the sun's layers. Which of the following statements is the best explanation for the size and location of the convective zone?
Model of the sun showing the convection zone, the corona, the radiative zone, the core, coronal streamers, and the chronosphere.
The thick convection zone is directly below the thin corona, and above the thick radiative zone.
Energy will transfer by convection only once the matter in the sun cools enough for the change in temperature to form the convection cells.
Energy cannot travel by convection through plasma, so it occurs only in areas without charged particles.
The sun does not change in temperature from it's inner to outer regions, limiting the size of the convective zone.
7.
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon fully or partially blocks sunlight from reaching the Earth. The graphs below show the temperatures of Marion, Kentucky and Madisonville, Kentucky during a total solar eclipse. Which range of times best supports the claim that energy from the sun travels to the Earth?
Solar eclipse temperature trace from Marion, KY from 10:15 to 16:15, showing temperatures between 90 and 92 degrees from 11:15 to 12:55, then a sharp decline to a low of 85 degrees at 13:35 and a gradual rise to 93 degrees at 15:15. Eclipse totality at 13:25.
Solar eclipse temperature trace from Madisonville, KY from 10:15 to 16:15, showing temperatures between 90 and 923 degrees from 11:15 to 12:35, then a decline to a low of 86 degrees at 13:35, continuing to 13:55, and a rise to 93 degrees by 15:15. Eclipse totality at 13:25.
13:15 to 14:15
10:15 to 11:15
11:15 to 12:15
8.
Which of the following statements best describes why a student would draw a diagram about the way light travels?
to figure out the way it travels or to show someone else the way it travels
to show someone else the way light travels, after they have figured it out
to represent only what is already known about the way light travels
9.
What concept about light waves does the diagram below represent?
Sun with a dotted arrow labeled Light leading to a yellow flower. Another dotted arrow labeled light leads to the eye of a man with a thought bubble over his head showing a smaller version of the yellow flower.
Light waves transfer energy from the sun that allow us to see everyday objects.
Everyday objects produce visible light waves that can be observed.
Light waves travel in a straight line from the sun to the Earth and cannot change direction.
10.
The sun is producing a large amount of energy the builds pressure in its core. What force keeps it from exploding outward?
gravitational force
magnetic force
frictional force
11.
True or False: The image below is a macroscopic model of the sun.
Model of the sun showing the convection zone, the corona, the radiative zone, the core, coronal streamers, and the chronosphere.
True
False
12.
True or False: The sun has a defined, solid outer boundary.
True
False
13.
The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged by which of the following?
frequency
amplitude
visibility
14.
The company that invented cordless power tools worked with scientists to develop versions of those tools for use in space. This led to the development of useful, compact tools available for everyone. This is an example of which of the following?
research and development improving technology
scientific knowledge increasing due to technology
the different goals of science and technology
15.
Which of the following is an example of scientific knowledge being used to create new technology?
A new sensor was developed to provide better digital images of space. Its small size and low power needs of this technology led to the development and wide use of cell phone cameras.
The telescope was designed to view distant objects. Scientists used the telescope to learn more about objects in our night sky.
Invention of the spectrometer allowed scientists to measure the composition of matter. The Mars rover used a spectrometer to measure the composition of minerals on Mars' surface.
Answers
GPT-4o mini
1. **What can be inferred from the data?**
- Businesses can profit from advancements in science.
2. **True or false: Science can be used to solve everyday problems.**
- True
3. **Which of these words best matches the scientific definition of theory?**
- explanation
4. **When scientists discover a relationship between observations that happens repeatedly, this is known as which of the following?**
- a scientific law
5. **Which of the following is the best conclusion about science based on the table shown below?**
- Theories are never fully proven.
6. **Which of the following statements is the best explanation for the size and location of the convective zone?**
- Energy will transfer by convection only once the matter in the sun cools enough for the change in temperature to form the convection cells.
7. **Which range of times best supports the claim that energy from the sun travels to the Earth?**
- 13:15 to 14:15
8. **Which of the following statements best describes why a student would draw a diagram about the way light travels?**
- to figure out the way it travels or to show someone else the way it travels
9. **What concept about light waves does the diagram below represent?**
- Light waves transfer energy from the sun that allow us to see everyday objects.
10. **The sun is producing a large amount of energy that builds pressure in its core. What force keeps it from exploding outward?**
- gravitational force
11. **True or False: The image below is a macroscopic model of the sun.**
- True
12. **True or False: The sun has a defined, solid outer boundary.**
- False
13. **The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged by which of the following?**
- frequency
14. **This is an example of which of the following?**
- research and development improving technology
15. **Which of the following is an example of scientific knowledge being used to create new technology?**
- A new sensor was developed to provide better digital images of space. Its small size and low power needs of this technology led to the development and wide use of cell phone cameras.
- Businesses can profit from advancements in science.
2. **True or false: Science can be used to solve everyday problems.**
- True
3. **Which of these words best matches the scientific definition of theory?**
- explanation
4. **When scientists discover a relationship between observations that happens repeatedly, this is known as which of the following?**
- a scientific law
5. **Which of the following is the best conclusion about science based on the table shown below?**
- Theories are never fully proven.
6. **Which of the following statements is the best explanation for the size and location of the convective zone?**
- Energy will transfer by convection only once the matter in the sun cools enough for the change in temperature to form the convection cells.
7. **Which range of times best supports the claim that energy from the sun travels to the Earth?**
- 13:15 to 14:15
8. **Which of the following statements best describes why a student would draw a diagram about the way light travels?**
- to figure out the way it travels or to show someone else the way it travels
9. **What concept about light waves does the diagram below represent?**
- Light waves transfer energy from the sun that allow us to see everyday objects.
10. **The sun is producing a large amount of energy that builds pressure in its core. What force keeps it from exploding outward?**
- gravitational force
11. **True or False: The image below is a macroscopic model of the sun.**
- True
12. **True or False: The sun has a defined, solid outer boundary.**
- False
13. **The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged by which of the following?**
- frequency
14. **This is an example of which of the following?**
- research and development improving technology
15. **Which of the following is an example of scientific knowledge being used to create new technology?**
- A new sensor was developed to provide better digital images of space. Its small size and low power needs of this technology led to the development and wide use of cell phone cameras.