As thermal energy is added to a substance, the most accurate prediction among the options provided is:
The vibration of the individual particles will increase.
When thermal energy is added, the particles in a substance gain kinetic energy, which typically results in increased vibration (or movement) of the particles, especially in solids.
The other options are less accurate:
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Spacing between particles will decrease: This is generally not correct for most situations. When thermal energy is added, particles typically move further apart in gases and liquids, and while they may vibrate more in solids, the average distance between particles in a solid does not decrease as thermal energy is added.
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The temperature of the substance will decrease: This statement is incorrect because adding thermal energy to a substance usually increases its temperature unless there is a phase change occurring.
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The pressure of the substance will increase: This statement can be true in certain contexts (like a gas in a closed container), but it is not universally true for all substances and conditions.
So, the increased vibration is the clear and most general prediction when thermal energy is added.