Question

What was a major factor driving European imperialism in the 19th century?

Answer 1

A major factor driving European imperialism in the 19th century was the pursuit of industrial resources and markets. The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, created a demand for raw materials such as cotton, rubber, and minerals, which were essential for manufacturing. This led European nations to seek new territories where they could extract these resources.

Additionally, there was a strong desire for new markets to sell manufactured goods, as European industries produced more than could be consumed at home. Colonies provided both the resources needed for production and a market for surplus products.

Other factors contributing to imperialism included nationalism, the belief in the cultural superiority of European civilizations (often referred to as the "civilizing mission"), and the strategic interests of nations to expand their influence and power on the global stage. The combination of these economic, political, and cultural motivations fueled aggressive expansion and the establishment of vast empires throughout Africa, Asia, and the Pacific during the 19th century.