what is the characteristic flame for sodium,lithium,barium,copper and calcium?explain why

Answer 1

Na is intense and long lasting yellow.
Li is crimson.
Ba is green to green/yellow
Cu is green with a flash of blue
Ca is brick red.
Why? There is no why. The outer electron is moved, by the energy of the flame, to an outer electron and when it falls back to its original position the characteristic color is emitted. By the way, the Ba color is not caused by Ba itself, rather it is BaO and that is a "band" one is seeing. Ca is the same kind of thing.