Question
In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?
Name two storage organelles?
What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis?
How is the nucleus involved in protein synthesis?
What organelle is considered a “factory”, because it takes in raw materials and converts them to cell
products that can be used by the cell?
How does the membrane of the cell differ from the nuclear membrane? What advantages does this
difference have for the nucleus?
What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? OR are they found
attached to another organelle? OR both. Explain why this occurs.
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?
Page 8
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is different in
each case?
What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome?
Why might a lysosome fuse with or link up with a food vacuole?
In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies?
What is a centriole? In what type of cell (plant or animal) is it found? What does it do for the cell?
Name two storage organelles?
What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis?
How is the nucleus involved in protein synthesis?
What organelle is considered a “factory”, because it takes in raw materials and converts them to cell
products that can be used by the cell?
How does the membrane of the cell differ from the nuclear membrane? What advantages does this
difference have for the nucleus?
What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? OR are they found
attached to another organelle? OR both. Explain why this occurs.
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?
Page 8
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is different in
each case?
What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome?
Why might a lysosome fuse with or link up with a food vacuole?
In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies?
What is a centriole? In what type of cell (plant or animal) is it found? What does it do for the cell?
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
Sure! Here are the answers to your questions:
1. **In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?**
- Cellular respiration primarily takes place in the mitochondria.
2. **Name two storage organelles.**
- Two storage organelles are vacuoles and vesicles.
3. **What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis?**
- The organelles that take part in protein synthesis include the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (especially rough ER), and Golgi apparatus.
4. **How is the nucleus involved in protein synthesis?**
- The nucleus contains the cell's DNA, which provides the instructions (messenger RNA) for assembling proteins. It is where transcription of DNA into mRNA occurs, which then exits the nucleus to be translated into proteins.
5. **What organelle is considered a “factory,” because it takes in raw materials and converts them to cell products that can be used by the cell?**
- The endoplasmic reticulum (specifically, the rough ER) is often considered the “factory” of the cell, as it synthesizes proteins and lipids.
6. **How does the membrane of the cell differ from the nuclear membrane? What advantages does this difference have for the nucleus?**
- The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that selectively allows substances to enter or exit the cell, while the nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) is double-layered with nuclear pores that allow for the selective exchange of materials (such as RNA) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This difference allows the nucleus to maintain a controlled environment for DNA and RNA while still enabling communication with the rest of the cell.
7. **What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? OR are they found attached to another organelle? OR both? Explain why this occurs.**
- Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA. They can be found freely floating in the cytoplasm as well as attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (forming rough ER). Free ribosomes typically synthesize proteins that function in the cytosol, while ribosomes attached to the rough ER synthesize proteins that are either secreted from the cell or are incorporated into cellular membranes.
8. **What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?**
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids and plays a role in the transport of these molecules throughout the cell.
9. **What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is different in each case?**
- The rough ER is studded with ribosomes, which make it the site of protein synthesis and processing, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes. Rough ER primarily focuses on protein production, whereas smooth ER focuses on lipid metabolism and detoxification.
10. **What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome?**
- Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders. Molecules found inside a lysosome include enzymes (such as proteases, lipases, and nucleases), nutrients, and damaged cell components.
11. **Why might a lysosome fuse with or link up with a food vacuole?**
- A lysosome may fuse with a food vacuole to digest the contents of the food vacuole. This process allows the cell to break down ingested nutrients into smaller, usable molecules, which can then be utilized for energy or other cellular functions.
12. **In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies?**
- Molecules move from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus (Golgi bodies) via transport vesicles.
13. **What is a centriole? In what type of cell (plant or animal) is it found? What does it do for the cell?**
- A centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed of microtubules, typically found in animal cells (and some lower plant cells). Centrioles play an important role in cell division by organizing the mitotic spindle, which helps to segregate chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
Feel free to ask if you have further questions!
1. **In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?**
- Cellular respiration primarily takes place in the mitochondria.
2. **Name two storage organelles.**
- Two storage organelles are vacuoles and vesicles.
3. **What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis?**
- The organelles that take part in protein synthesis include the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (especially rough ER), and Golgi apparatus.
4. **How is the nucleus involved in protein synthesis?**
- The nucleus contains the cell's DNA, which provides the instructions (messenger RNA) for assembling proteins. It is where transcription of DNA into mRNA occurs, which then exits the nucleus to be translated into proteins.
5. **What organelle is considered a “factory,” because it takes in raw materials and converts them to cell products that can be used by the cell?**
- The endoplasmic reticulum (specifically, the rough ER) is often considered the “factory” of the cell, as it synthesizes proteins and lipids.
6. **How does the membrane of the cell differ from the nuclear membrane? What advantages does this difference have for the nucleus?**
- The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that selectively allows substances to enter or exit the cell, while the nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope) is double-layered with nuclear pores that allow for the selective exchange of materials (such as RNA) between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This difference allows the nucleus to maintain a controlled environment for DNA and RNA while still enabling communication with the rest of the cell.
7. **What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? OR are they found attached to another organelle? OR both? Explain why this occurs.**
- Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA. They can be found freely floating in the cytoplasm as well as attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (forming rough ER). Free ribosomes typically synthesize proteins that function in the cytosol, while ribosomes attached to the rough ER synthesize proteins that are either secreted from the cell or are incorporated into cellular membranes.
8. **What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?**
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids and plays a role in the transport of these molecules throughout the cell.
9. **What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is different in each case?**
- The rough ER is studded with ribosomes, which make it the site of protein synthesis and processing, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes. Rough ER primarily focuses on protein production, whereas smooth ER focuses on lipid metabolism and detoxification.
10. **What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome?**
- Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes used to break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders. Molecules found inside a lysosome include enzymes (such as proteases, lipases, and nucleases), nutrients, and damaged cell components.
11. **Why might a lysosome fuse with or link up with a food vacuole?**
- A lysosome may fuse with a food vacuole to digest the contents of the food vacuole. This process allows the cell to break down ingested nutrients into smaller, usable molecules, which can then be utilized for energy or other cellular functions.
12. **In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies?**
- Molecules move from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus (Golgi bodies) via transport vesicles.
13. **What is a centriole? In what type of cell (plant or animal) is it found? What does it do for the cell?**
- A centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed of microtubules, typically found in animal cells (and some lower plant cells). Centrioles play an important role in cell division by organizing the mitotic spindle, which helps to segregate chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
Feel free to ask if you have further questions!