Question

Complete the following Chart below:
State Social Political Interactions between Humans and Environment Cultural Economic Technological
Song Dynasty
Abbasid Caliphate
Aztec

Answer 1

Here’s a completed chart detailing key aspects of the Song Dynasty, Abbasid Caliphate, and Aztec civilization across the specified categories: Social, Political, Interactions between Humans and Environment, Cultural, Economic, and Technological.

| State | Social | Political | Interactions between Humans and Environment | Cultural | Economic | Technological |
|----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| **Song Dynasty** | Highly urbanized society; merchant class developed; Confucian ideals emphasized education and civil service. | Centralized bureaucratic government under meritocracy; civil service exams for officials. | Agricultural advancements include rice cultivation (wet rice farming) in water-intensive areas; advancements in irrigation. | Rich culture with poetry, painting, and ceramics; Neo-Confucianism and Buddhist influences prevalent. | Trade flourished, especially in luxury goods like silk and ceramics; emergence of a market economy with currency use. | Innovations like the compass, gunpowder, and printing technology advanced significantly. |
| **Abbasid Caliphate**| Multicultural society with Arab, Persian, Turkic, and others; significant urban centers like Baghdad. | Caliphate as the political leader; decentralized governance with local rulers; rich intellectual life. | Transformed deserts into fertile land through irrigation; relied on trade routes across desert and sea. | Flourishing arts, literature, and philosophy; advancements in science; culture of scholarship and libraries (House of Wisdom). | Strong trade network connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa; major advancement in banking and credit systems. | Notable scientific and technological advances, including algebra, medicine, astronomy, and various engineering techniques. |
| **Aztec** | Hierarchical society with nobles, priests, and commoners; significant role of religion and human sacrifice. | Centralized state ruled by emperors; political alliances through marriage and conquest; tribute system to maintain control. | Agriculture relied on chinampas (floating gardens) for efficient farming; also faced environmental challenges like flooding. | Rich cultural practices with a focus on mythology, gods, and rituals; vibrant arts including textiles and pottery. | Economic structure based on tribute and trade; marketplaces were central to urban life; cacao used as currency. | Developed engineering techniques in agriculture; advancements in astronomy; widely used calendars. |

This chart summarizes major characteristics and developments in these three civilizations, reflecting their social structure, political organization, environmental interactions, cultural achievements, economic systems, and technological innovations.