Question

The key trade routes that connected the Mali Empire and other West African states to the Mediterranean and Middle East are the

Answer 1

The key trade routes that connected the Mali Empire and other West African states to the Mediterranean and Middle East are primarily the trans-Saharan trade routes. These routes facilitated the exchange of goods such as gold, salt, ivory, and slaves between West Africa and North Africa.

1. **Trans-Saharan Trade Routes**: These routes ran across the Sahara Desert and were crucial in linking West Africa to the Mediterranean world. Caravans would transport gold and other goods from the Mali Empire to trading cities like Timbuktu and Gao, eventually reaching ports along the Mediterranean.

2. **The Gold-Salt Trade**: This specific trade relationship was significant, as the Mali Empire was rich in gold, while North African regions had an abundance of salt. The demand for these commodities created strong ties.

3. **Major Cities**: Key cities along these trade routes included Timbuktu and Gao within the Mali Empire, as well as other important trading posts like Kumbi Saleh and Walata.

4. **Trade with the Middle East**: The trade also extended beyond the Mediterranean, connecting with markets in the Middle East, where luxury goods, textiles, and other products were exchanged for African gold and resources.

The interactions on these trade routes not only facilitated the exchange of goods but also promoted the spread of culture, religion (particularly Islam), and knowledge between different regions.