Hematemesis is the medical term for vomiting blood. This condition can indicate a serious underlying health issue and can vary in severity. The blood may appear bright red, indicating fresh bleeding, or it may resemble coffee grounds if it has been in the stomach for a significant period.
Causes of hematemesis can include:
- Peptic Ulcers: Open sores on the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining.
- Esophageal Varices: Swollen veins in the esophagus that can rupture, often associated with liver disease.
- Mallory-Weiss Tear: A tear in the lining of the esophagus caused by severe vomiting or retching.
- Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, which can lead to bleeding.
- Cancers: Tumors in the stomach or esophagus.
- Trauma: Injuries to the abdomen or gastrointestinal tract.
Diagnosis typically involves a medical history review, physical examination, and may include laboratory tests, endoscopy, or imaging studies to identify the source of bleeding.
Hematemesis is a medical emergency. If someone experiences this symptom, they should seek immediate medical attention to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.