Here are the answers to your questions:
- A. Classical methods
- Classical methods are not categorized under instrumental methods; they typically refer to traditional techniques not relying on instruments.
- B. Systematic error
- Systematic errors are challenging to detect and correct because they consistently skew results in one direction.
- C. Voltage
- Voltage is an electrical domain variable, while light intensity, temperature, and pressure represent other domains.
- B. Transduction
- The process of converting a nonelectrical signal into an electrical one is called transduction.
- C. Wavelength
- Wavelength is not an electrical domain variable; it represents a property of electromagnetic waves.
- C. Electrical
- The output of a pH meter is an electrical signal, representing the measured pH level.
- B. Signal amplification
- While transducers may provide amplification in certain contexts, their primary functions revolve around signal detection, domain conversion, and producing measurable outputs, not amplification as their main function.
- C. Converts continuous electrical signals to discrete digital values
- An Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) takes continuous signals and converts them into a form that a digital system can process.
- C. Random sampling of data
- Random sampling is not typically considered a part of Quality Assurance directly; it's more related to statistical methods used in studies or surveys.
- A. Calibrate the instrument baseline
- A blank sample is primarily used to calibrate the instrument's baseline and account for any background noise or interference.
Feel free to ask if you need further explanations or clarifications!