Nasal polyps are soft, painless, noncancerous growths that develop on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. They are usually associated with chronic inflammation due to conditions such as asthma, allergies, recurring infection, or cystic fibrosis. Nasal polyps can vary in size and may occur singly or in clusters.
Symptoms
People with nasal polyps may experience various symptoms, including:
- Nasal congestion or blockage
- Runny nose
- Reduced sense of smell or taste
- Sneezing
- Facial pain or pressure
- Postnasal drip
- Frequent sinus infections
Causes
The exact cause of nasal polyps is not entirely understood, but they are associated with chronic inflammation in the nasal mucosa. Factors that may contribute to the development of nasal polyps include:
- Allergies (including hay fever)
- Asthma
- Aspirin sensitivity
- Cystic fibrosis
- Chronic sinus infections
- Certain immune disorders
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- A physical examination, including an endoscopic examination of the nasal passages
- Imaging studies, such as CT scans, to visualize the sinuses and assess the extent of the polyps
- Allergy testing, if allergies are suspected to be a contributing factor
Treatment
Treatment options for nasal polyps include:
- Medications: Corticosteroid nasal sprays are often the first line of treatment to reduce inflammation and shrink polyps. Oral corticosteroids may be prescribed for more severe cases. Other medications might include antihistamines and leukotriene inhibitors.
- Surgery: If polyps persist despite medication, or if they cause significant obstruction or complications, surgical removal may be necessary. This is usually done through a procedure called endoscopic sinus surgery.
Management
Managing underlying conditions, such as allergies and asthma, can be crucial in preventing the recurrence of nasal polyps. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider may also be necessary to monitor for new growths or changes.
If you suspect you have nasal polyps or are experiencing persistent nasal symptoms, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.