To add the polynomials \( (5x^2 - 3x + 2) + (3x^2 + 4x - 1) \), we combine like terms:
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Combine the \( x^2 \) terms: \[ 5x^2 + 3x^2 = 8x^2 \]
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Combine the \( x \) terms: \[ -3x + 4x = 1x \quad (\text{or just } x) \]
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Combine the constant terms: \[ 2 - 1 = 1 \]
Putting it all together, we get: \[ 8x^2 + x + 1 \]
Thus, the result of the addition of the polynomials is: \[ \boxed{8x^2 + x + 1} \]