Serositis refers to inflammation of the serous membranes, which are thin tissues that line certain cavities in the body and surround internal organs. These membranes secrete a lubricating fluid (serous fluid) that allows the organs to move smoothly against each other. Common types of serous membranes involved in serositis include the pleura (lining of the lungs), peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity), and pericardium (lining around the heart).
Serositis can manifest in various conditions and may be associated with autoimmune diseases (such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis), infections, cancers, or other inflammatory processes. The main types of serositis include:
- Pleuritis/Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura, which can cause chest pain and difficulty breathing.
- Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum, which can present with abdominal pain and tenderness.
- Pericarditis: Inflammation of the pericardium, which may lead to chest pain and fluid accumulation around the heart.
Symptoms of serositis vary depending on the affected area and the underlying cause but can include pain, swelling, and fever. Diagnosis often involves clinical evaluation, imaging studies (like ultrasound or CT scans), and laboratory tests. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may include anti-inflammatory medications, antibiotics (if an infection is present), and sometimes drainage of excess fluid.
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