Hemorrhoids, which are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus, can present with a variety of clinical manifestations. The symptoms may vary depending on whether the hemorrhoids are internal or external. Common clinical manifestations include:
Internal Hemorrhoids:
- Painless Rectal Bleeding: Bright red blood may appear on toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or on the surface of stool.
- Prolapse: In cases of advanced hemorrhoids, the internal hemorrhoids may protrude outside the anal canal (prolapsed hemorrhoids).
- Mucous Discharge: Some individuals may notice a mucous discharge accompanying rectal bleeding.
External Hemorrhoids:
- Perineal Pain or Discomfort: Can range from mild to severe, especially during bowel movements or prolonged sitting.
- Swelling or Lump: A noticeable lump may be felt around the anus.
- Itching or Irritation: The area around the anus may be itchy or irritated due to inflammation or hygiene issues.
- Thrombosis: In some cases, a blood clot can form in an external hemorrhoid, leading to sudden, severe pain and swelling.
General Symptoms:
- Discomfort During Bowel Movements: Individuals may experience pain during defecation.
- Changes in Bowel Habits: Those with hemorrhoids may alter their bowel habits due to discomfort or pain.
Less Common Symptoms:
- Infection: Although rare, hemorrhoids can become infected, which may lead to additional symptoms such as increased pain, swelling, and fever.
Patients experiencing any of these symptoms, particularly rectal bleeding, should consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate management.